Namibia

Broadcast media

1 private and 1 state-run TV station; satellite and cable TV service is available; state-run radio service broadcasts in multiple languages; about a dozen private radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code

.na

Internet hosts

78,280 (2012) country comparison to the world: 84

Internet users

127,500 (2009) country comparison to the world: 151

Telephone system

general assessment: good system; core fiber-optic network links most centers and connections are now digital domestic: multiple mobile-cellular providers with a combined subscribership of more than 100 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to the South African Far East (SAFE) submarine cable through South Africa; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat

Telephones - main lines in use

140,000 (2011) country comparison to the world: 138

Telephones - mobile cellular

2.24 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 136

Agriculture - products

millet, sorghum, peanuts, grapes; livestock; fish

Budget

revenues: $4.481 billion expenditures: $5.081 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-4.9% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 152

Central bank discount rate

12% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 44 7% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

9.2% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 108 8.73% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

$49.3 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 54 -$108.2 million (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$4.204 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 126 $3.944 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

70.7 (2003) country comparison to the world: 1

Economy - overview

The economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for 8% of GDP, but provides more than 50% of foreign exchange earnings. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Namibia is the world's fourth-largest producer of uranium. It also produces large quantities of zinc and is a small producer of gold and other minerals. The mining sector employs only about 3% of the population. Namibia normally imports about 50% of its cereal requirements; in drought years food shortages are a major problem in rural areas. A high per capita GDP, relative to the region, hides one of the world's most unequal income distributions, as shown by Namibia's 70.7 GINI coefficient. The Namibian economy is closely linked to South Africa with the Namibian dollar pegged one-to-one to the South African rand. Until 2010, Namibia drew 40% of its budget revenues from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU). Increased payments from SACU put Namibia's budget into surplus in 2007 for the first time since independence. SACU allotments to Namibia increased in 2009, but dropped in 2010 and 2011 because of the global recession, reducing Namibia's overall SACU income. Increased fish production and mining of zinc, copper, and uranium spurred growth in 2003-08, but growth in recent years was undercut by poor fish catches, a dramatic decline in demand for diamonds, higher costs of producing metals, and the global recession. A rebound in diamond and uranium prices in 2010 and the reopening of copper mines in 2011 provided a significant boost to Namibia's mining sector. The Namibian economy expects to benefit from large investment projects in its mining sector. Expecting higher global uranium prices, Namibia plans to double its uranium exports by 2015, as well as increase its diamond output.

Exchange rates

Namibian dollars (NAD) per US dollar - 7.904 (2012 est.) 7.2597 (2011 est.) 7.3212 (2010 est.) 8.42 (2009) 7.75 (2008)

Exports

$4.657 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 119 $4.393 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium; cattle, processed fish, karakul skins

Fiscal year

1 April - 31 March

GDP (official exchange rate)

$12.15 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$16.84 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 138 $16.19 billion (2011 est.) $15.44 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 7.3% industry: 34.3% services: 58.4% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$7,800 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 131 $7,600 (2011 est.) $7,300 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

4% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 81 4.9% (2011 est.) 6.6% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 1.1% highest 10%: 53% (2008)

Imports

$5.762 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 122 $5.345 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals

Industrial production growth rate

6.5% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 48

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

5.8% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 154 5% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

21.4% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Labor force

818,600 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 147

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 16.3% industry: 22.4% services: 61.3% note: statistics are for the formal sector only; about half of Namibia's people are unemployed while about two-thirds live in rural areas; roughly two-thirds of rural dwellers rely on subsistence agriculture (2008 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$1.152 billion (31 December 2011) country comparison to the world: 106 $1.176 billion (31 December 2010) $846.3 million (31 December 2009)

Population below poverty line

55.8% note: the UNDP's 2005 Human Development Report indicated that 34.9% of the population live on $1 per day and 55.8% live on $2 per day (2005 est.)

Public debt

28.2% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 116 26.8% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$1.84 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 124 $1.758 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$7.433 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 116 $8.021 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$NA

Stock of domestic credit

$6.431 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 113 $5.73 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$3.898 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 110 $3.449 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

36.9% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Unemployment rate

51.2% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 194 36.7% (2004 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

3.812 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 132

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 204

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 140

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 204

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 203

Electricity - consumption

3.268 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Electricity - exports

144 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Electricity - from fossil fuels

36.6% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 175

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

63.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 27

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 202

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 203

Electricity - imports

2.202 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 47

Electricity - installed generating capacity

393,000 kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 142

Electricity - production

1.295 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 144

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 148

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Natural gas - proved reserves

62.29 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 64

Refined petroleum products - consumption

22,990 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Refined petroleum products - imports

20,390 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 105

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 208

Area

total: 824,292 sq km country comparison to the world: 34 land: 823,290 sq km water: 1,002 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly more than half the size of Alaska

Climate

desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic

Coastline

1,572 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Konigstein 2,606 m

Environment - current issues

limited natural freshwater resources; desertification; wildlife poaching; land degradation has led to few conservation areas

Environment - international agreements

party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.3 cu km/yr (24%/5%/71%) per capita: 148 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates

22 00 S, 17 00 E

Geography - note

first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip

Irrigated land

80 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 3,936 km border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 967 km, Zambia 233 km

Land use

arable land: 0.99% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99% (2005)

Location

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards

prolonged periods of drought

Natural resources

diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, silver, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, tungsten, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore

Terrain

mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east

Total renewable water resources

45.5 cu km (1991)

Administrative divisions

13 regions; Caprivi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Okavango, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa

Capital

name: Windhoek geographic coordinates: 22 34 S, 17 05 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in September; ends first Sunday in April

Constitution

ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Namibia conventional short form: Namibia local long form: Republic of Namibia local short form: Namibia former: German South-West Africa (Sued-West Afrika), South-West Africa

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Wanda L. NESBITT embassy: 14 Lossen Street, Windhoek mailing address: Private Bag 12029 Ausspannplatz, Windhoek telephone: [264] (61) 295-8500 FAX: [264] (61) 295-8603

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Martin ANDJABA chancery: 1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 986-0540 FAX: [1] (202) 986-0443

Executive branch

chief of state: President Hifikepunye POHAMBA (since 21 March 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Hifikepunye POHAMBA (since 21 March 2005); Prime Minister Hage GEINGOB (since 4 December 2012) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); if no single candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round of voting, a run-off election is scheduled between the two candidates with the greatest vote count; election last held on 27-28 November 2009 (next to be held in 2014) election results: Hifikepunye POHAMBA reelected president; percent of vote - Hifikepunye POHAMBA 76.4%, Hidipo HAMUTENYA 11.0%, Katuutire KAURA 3.0%, Kuaima RIRUAKO 2.9%, Justus GAROEB 2.4%, Ignatius SHIXWAMENI 1.3%, Hendrick MUDGE 1.2%, other 1.8%

Flag description

a wide red stripe edged by narrow white stripes divides the flag diagonally from lower hoist corner to upper fly corner; the upper hoist-side triangle is blue and charged with a yellow, 12-rayed sunburst; the lower fly-side triangle is green; red signifies the heroism of the people and their determination to build a future of equal opportunity for all; white stands for peace, unity, tranquility, and harmony; blue represents the Namibian sky and the Atlantic Ocean, the country's precious water resources and rain; the yellow sun denotes power and existence; green symbolizes vegetation and agricultural resources

Government type

republic

Independence

21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)

Legal system

mixed legal system of uncodified civil law based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law

Legislative branch

bicameral legislature consists of the National Council, primarily an advisory body (26 seats; two members chosen from each regional council to serve six-year terms), and the National Assembly (72 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms, an additonal six nonvoting members are appointed by the president) elections: National Council - elections for regional councils to determine members of the National Council held on 26-27 November 2010 (next to be held in 2016); National Assembly - last held on 26-27 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2014) election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - SWAPO 24, UDF 1, DTA 1; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - SWAPO 75.3%, RDP 11.3%, DTA 3.1%, NUDO 3.0%, UDF 2.4%, APP 1.4%, RP 0.8%, COD 0.7%, SWANU 0.6%, other 1.3%; seats by party - SWAPO 54, RDP 8, DTA 2, NUDO 2, UDF 2, APP 1, COD 1, RP 1, SWANU 1

National anthem

name: "Namibia, Land of the Brave" lyrics/music: Axali DOESEB note: adopted 1991

National holiday

Independence Day, 21 March (1990)

Political parties and leaders

All People's Party or APP [Ignatius SHIXWAMENI]; Congress of Democrats or COD [Benjamin ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Jurie VILJOEN]; National Democratic Movement for Change or NamDMC; National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Kuaima RIRUAKO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Hidipo HAMUTENYA]; Republican Party or RP [Hendrick MUDGE]; South West Africa National Union or SWANU [Usutuaije MAAMBERUA]; South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Hifikepunye POHAMBA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]

Political pressure groups and leaders

National Society for Human Rights or NSHR (NAMRIGHTS as of 2010); various labor unions

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

South Africa occupied the German colony of South-West Africa during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II, when it annexed the territory. In 1966 the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that became Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. Namibia has been governed by SWAPO since the country won independence in 1990. Hifikepunye POHAMBA was elected president in November 2004 in a landslide victory replacing Sam NUJOMA who led the country during its first 14 years of self rule. POHAMBA was reelected in November 2009.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 568,231 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 351,431 females age 16-49: 311,513 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 26,413 female: 26,038 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Namibian Defense Force (NDF): Army, Navy, Air Force (2010)

Military expenditures

3.7% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 30

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2010)

Age structure

0-14 years: 33.4% (male 365,100/ female 358,278) 15-64 years: 62.4% (male 686,759/ female 664,928) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 39,813/ female 50,950) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

21.11 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

17.5% (2007) country comparison to the world: 43

Death rate

13.09 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 20

Education expenditures

6.4% of GDP (2008) country comparison to the world: 23

Ethnic groups

black 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5% note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups include Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

13.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

HIV/AIDS - deaths

6,700 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 32

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

180,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 30

Health expenditures

5.9% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 109

Hospital bed density

2.67 beds/1,000 population (2009)

Infant mortality rate

total: 45.61 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 50 male: 48.76 deaths/1,000 live births female: 42.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages

English (official) 7%, Afrikaans (common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population), German 32%, indigenous languages (includes Oshivambo, Herero, Nama) 1%

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 52.17 years country comparison to the world: 211 male: 52.47 years female: 51.86 years (2012 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.8% male: 89% female: 88.5% (2010 est.)

Major cities - population

WINDHOEK (capital) 342,000 (2009)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

200 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 55

Median age

total: 22.1 years male: 22.1 years female: 22.1 years (2012 est.)

Nationality

noun: Namibian(s) adjective: Namibian

Net migration rate

0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Physicians density

0.374 physicians/1,000 population (2007)

Population

2,165,828 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 143 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate

0.817% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 133

Religions

Christian 80% to 90% (at least 50% Lutheran), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20%

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 60% of population rural: 17% of population total: 33% of population unimproved: urban: 40% of population rural: 83% of population total: 67% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 12 years male: 12 years female: 12 years (2008)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.41 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 41.7% country comparison to the world: 7 male: 36.7% female: 47.1% (2004)

Urbanization

urban population: 38% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3.3% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

concerns from international experts and local populations over the Okavango Delta ecology in Botswana and human displacement scuttled Namibian plans to construct a hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls along the Angola-Namibia border; managed dispute with South Africa over the location of the boundary in the Orange River; Namibia has supported, and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to, plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 4,322 (Angola) (2011)

Airports

112 (2012) country comparison to the world: 51

Airports - with paved runways

total: 19 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 93 1,524 to 2,437 m: 25 914 to 1,523 m: 52 under 914 m: 16 (2012)

Merchant marine

total: 1 country comparison to the world: 153 by type: cargo 1 (2010)

Ports and terminals

Luderitz, Walvis Bay

Railways

total: 2,626 km country comparison to the world: 63 narrow gauge: 2,626 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Roadways

total: 64,189 km country comparison to the world: 70 paved: 5,477 km unpaved: 58,712 km (2010)