Slovenia

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 683,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 32 (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 commercial TV stations; about 60% of households connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster with 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations

Internet country code

.si

Internet users

percent of population: 90% (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 647,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 2.73 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2022 est.)

Agricultural products

milk, maize, wheat, barley, grapes, chicken, potatoes, beef, apples, pork (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Average household expenditures

on food: 13.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Budget

revenues: $28.874 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $30.714 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Current account balance

$3.231 billion (2024 est.) $3.093 billion (2023 est.) -$617.374 million (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Economic overview

high-income EU and eurozone economy; high per-capita income and low inequality; key exports in automotive and pharmaceuticals; tight labor market with low unemployment; growth supported by private consumption and public investment, with risks from tight labor market and trade conditions; narrowing fiscal deficit and declining public debt

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.924 (2024 est.) 0.925 (2023 est.) 0.95 (2022 est.) 0.845 (2021 est.) 0.876 (2020 est.)

Exports

$59.159 billion (2024 est.) $57.66 billion (2023 est.) $56.51 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

packaged medicine, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

Switzerland 22%, Germany 12%, Italy 10%, Croatia 8%, Austria 6% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

GDP (official exchange rate)

$72.485 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 52.3% (2023 est.) government consumption: 19.2% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 21.3% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: 0.9% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 83.3% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -76.8% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 1.5% (2024 est.) industry: 28.8% (2024 est.) services: 58.2% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

24.3 (2022 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 4.2% (2022 est.) highest 10%: 20.7% (2022 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Imports

$54.583 billion (2024 est.) $53.309 billion (2023 est.) $55.158 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

nitrogen compounds, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, cars, vaccines (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

Switzerland 17%, China 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 9%, Austria 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

1.8% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2% (2024 est.) 7.4% (2023 est.) 8.8% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

1.058 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Population below poverty line

12.7% (2022 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

73.6% of GDP (2017 est.) note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$103.118 billion (2024 est.) $101.503 billion (2023 est.) $99.403 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate

1.6% (2024 est.) 2.1% (2023 est.) 2.7% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita

$48,500 (2024 est.) $47,900 (2023 est.) $47,100 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Remittances

1.2% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$2.832 billion (2024 est.) $2.37 billion (2023 est.) $2.268 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

20.3% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

3.4% (2024 est.) 3.7% (2023 est.) 4.1% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 9.4% (2024 est.) male: 10.6% (2024 est.) female: 7.9% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Coal

production: 2.44 million metric tons (2023 est.) consumption: 2.309 million metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 2,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 866,000 metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 95 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 4.739 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 12.953 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 10.62 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 9.114 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 774.138 million kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) nuclear: 35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 31.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

104.502 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Natural gas

production: 4.014 million cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 811.395 million cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 11.387 million cubic meters (2018 est.) imports: 810.948 million cubic meters (2023 est.)

Nuclear energy

Number of operational nuclear reactors: 1 (2025) Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.7GW (2025 est.) Percent of total electricity production: 36.8% (2023 est.)

Petroleum

total petroleum production: 4 bbl/day (2021 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 44,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

10.772 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.706 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 6.521 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 1.545 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Climate

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Environmental issues

air pollution from road traffic, domestic heating (wood burning), power generation, and industry; water pollution; biodiversity protection

Geoparks

total global geoparks and regional networks: 2 global geoparks and regional networks: Idrija; Karawanken / Karavanke (includes Austria) (2023)

International environmental agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Land use

agricultural land: 30.4% (2023 est.) arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.) forest: 61.8% (2023 est.) other: 10.8% (2023 est.)

Methane emissions

energy: 8.5 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 46.5 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 15.6 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 1.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

14.1 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Total renewable water resources

31.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

municipal: 179 million cubic meters (2022) industrial: 645 million cubic meters (2022) agricultural: 3.4 million cubic meters (2022)

Urbanization

urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.052 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 24.8% (2022 est.)

Area

total : 20,273 sq km land: 20,151 sq km water: 122 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than New Jersey

Climate

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Coastline

46.6 km

Elevation

highest point: Triglav 2,864 m lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m mean elevation: 492 m

Geographic coordinates

46 07 N, 14 49 E

Geography - note

despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes

Irrigated land

50 sq km (2022)

Land boundaries

total: 1,211 km border countries (4): Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km

Land use

agricultural land: 30.4% (2023 est.) arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.) forest: 61.8% (2023 est.) other: 10.8% (2023 est.)

Location

south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards

flooding; earthquakes

Natural resources

lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests

Population distribution

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense

Terrain

a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Administrative divisions

200 municipalities ( obcine , singular - obcina ) and 12 urban municipalities ( mestne obcine , singular - mestna obcina ) municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje

Capital

name: Ljubljana geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word ljubljena , meaning "beloved," but the origin is probably pre-Slavic and remains obscure

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous

Constitution

history: previous 1974 (pre-independence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991 amendment process: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia conventional short form: Slovenia local long form: Republika Slovenija local short form: Slovenija former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia etymology: the country's name means "Land of the Slavs" in Slovene; the origin of the Slav name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charg d Affaires Brian GREANEY (since August 2025) embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana mailing address: 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140 telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500 FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555 email address and website: LjubljanaACS@state.gov https://si.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Iztok MIRO IČ (since 15 September 2023) chancery: 2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 386-6611 FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633 email address and website: sloembassy.washington@gov.si http://www.washington.embassy.si/ consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH)

Executive branch

chief of state: President Natasa PIRC MUSAR (since 23 December 2022) head of government: Prime Minister Robert GOLOB (since 1 June 2022) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); following National Assembly elections, the president usually nominates the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, and the National Assembly elects the nominee most recent election date: 23 October 2022, with a runoff on 13 November 2022 election results: 2022: Natasa PIRC MUSAR elected president in second round: percent of vote in first round - Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30 2017: Borut PAHOR reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1% expected date of next election: 2027

Flag

description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the Slovenian seal (a shield with Triglav, the country's highest peak, in white on a blue background) is at the center, with two wavy blue lines under it; three six-pointed stars in an inverted triangle appear on the upper-left meaning: the wavy lines represent seas and rivers; the colors come from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the stars come from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje (a Slovene dynastic house)

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Minister of Justice, based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court

Legal system

civil law system

Legislative branch

legislative structure: bicameral

Legislative branch - lower chamber

chamber name: National Assembly (Drzavni Zbor) number of seats: 90 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 4/24/2022 parties elected and seats per party: Freedom Movement (SVOBODA) (41); Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) (27); New Slovenia - Christian Democrats (NSi) (8); Social Democrats (SD) (7); Left (LEVICA) (5); Other (2) percentage of women in chamber: 35.6% expected date of next election: April 2026

Legislative branch - upper chamber

chamber name: National Council (Drzavni Svet) number of seats: 40 (all indirectly elected) scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 11/23/2022 to 11/24/2022 percentage of women in chamber: 17.5% expected date of next election: November 2027 note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers

National anthem(s)

title: "Zdravljica" (A Toast) lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL history: adopted in 1989; originally written in 1848; only the seventh verse of the poem is used as the anthem

National color(s)

white, blue, red

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 5 (3 cultural, 2 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: kocjan Caves (n); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Heritage of Mercury: Almad n and Idrija (c); The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana (c)

National holiday

Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

National symbol(s)

Mount Triglav

Political parties

Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS Freedom Movement or GS (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ) List of Marjan Sarec or LMS New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB) Resni.ca Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS) Slovenian National Party or SNS Social Democrats or SD The Left or Levica (successor to United Left or ZL)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, Slovenia became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which was renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia joined Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia as one of the constituent republics in the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). In 1990, Slovenia held its first multiparty elections, as well as a referendum on independence. Serbia responded with an economic blockade and military action, but after a short 10-day war, Slovenia declared independence in 1991. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen Area in 2007.

Military - note

the Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska or SV) are responsible for the defense of the country s sovereignty and territory, deterring external threats, and contributing to European security and other international peacekeeping missions; the SV is also active in civil-military cooperation, such as the maintenance of local infrastructure; Slovenia has been a member of the EU and NATO since 2004, and one of the SV s key missions is fulfilling the country s commitments to NATO, including equipment modernization, participating in training exercises, and contributing to NATO operations; the SV provides troops to NATO s efforts to enhance its presence in the Baltics (Latvia) and Eastern Europe (Slovakia); it has also participated in other international security missions with small numbers of personnel in such places as Africa, southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East; NATO allies Hungary and Italy provide air policing for Slovenia the SV was formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the Slovenia Defense Force; the Defense Force, along with the Slovenian police, comprised the majority of the forces that engaged with the Yugoslav People s Army during the 10-Day War after Slovenia declared its independence in 1991 (2025)

Military and security forces

Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): structured as a combined force with air, land, maritime, and special operations components Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 6,000 active military personnel (2025)

Military deployments

110 Kosovo (NATO); up to 200 Slovakia (NATO) (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the military's inventory is a mix of Soviet/Cold War-era and smaller quantities of more modern, mostly Western equipment; Slovenia is in the midst of a modernization program to replace its Soviet-era equipment with NATO-standard European and US systems (2025)

Military expenditures

2% of GDP (2025 est.) 1.4% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)

Military service age and obligation

18-30 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; recruits sign up for 3-, 5-, or 10-year service contracts; no conscription (2026) note: as of 2025, women comprised about 16% of the military's full-time personnel

Age structure

0-14 years: 14.3% (male 153,852/female 146,628) 15-64 years: 62.5% (male 683,573/female 627,788) 65 years and over: 23.2% (2024 est.) (male 213,619/female 272,433)

Alcohol consumption per capita

total: 11.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

7.52 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

47.2% (2021 est.)

Death rate

11.2 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 58.5 (2024 est.) youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 35.7 (2024 est.) potential support ratio: 2.8 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source

total: 99.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

5.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 11.1% national budget (2022 est.)

Ethnic groups

Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.73 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

8.8% of GDP (2022) 15% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

4.2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 1.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 1.4 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian nationals reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian nationals reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.) major-language sample(s): Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 82.2 years (2024 est.) male: 79.4 years female: 85.2 years

Major urban areas - population

286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)

Maternal mortality ratio

3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

total: 46 years (2025 est.) male: 45 years female: 47.9 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

29 years (2020 est.)

Nationality

noun: Slovene(s) adjective: Slovenian

Net migration rate

2.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

20.2% (2016)

Physician density

3.37 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Population

total: 2,097,893 (2024 est.) male: 1,051,044 female: 1,046,849

Population distribution

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense

Population growth rate

-0.16% (2025 est.)

Religions

Catholic 69%, Orthodox 4%, Muslim 3%, Christian 1%, other 3%, atheist 14%, non-believer/agnostic 4%, refused to answer 2% (2019 est.)

Sanitation facility access

total: 99.2% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 17 years (2023 est.) male: 17 years (2023 est.) female: 18 years (2023 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 17.3% (2025 est.) male: 19.3% (2025 est.) female: 15.3% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.49 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees: 13,369 (2024 est.) IDPs: 10 (2023 est.) stateless persons: 10 (2024 est.)

Airports

42 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

S5

Heliports

4 (2025)

Merchant marine

total: 8 (2023) by type: other 8

Ports

total ports: 2 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 1 very small: 1 ports with oil terminals: 0 key ports: Koper, Piran

Railways

total: 1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified