Slovenia

Broadcast media

public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 domestic commercial TV stations operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 60% of households are connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster operates 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations (2007)

Internet country code

.si

Internet hosts

415,581 (2012) country comparison to the world: 54

Internet users

1.298 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 92

Telephone system

general assessment: well-developed telecommunications infrastructure domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 150 telephones per 100 persons international: country code - 386

Telephones - main lines in use

872,800 (2011) country comparison to the world: 84

Telephones - mobile cellular

2.168 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 138

Agriculture - products

potatoes, hops, wheat, sugar beets, corn, grapes; cattle, sheep, poultry

Budget

revenues: $20.5 billion expenditures: $22.59 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-4.6% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Central bank discount rate

1.5% (31 December 2012) country comparison to the world: 124 1.75% (31 December 2011) note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate

5.2% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 144 5.82% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

$297.6 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 50 $2.505 million (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$61.23 billion (30 June 2011) country comparison to the world: 55 $51.57 billion (30 June 2010)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

28.4 (2008) country comparison to the world: 119 23.8 (2004)

Economy - overview

Slovenia became the first 2004 European Union entrant to adopt the euro (on 1 January 2007) and has experienced one of the most stable political and economic transitions in Central and Southeastern Europe. With the highest per capita GDP in Central Europe, Slovenia has excellent infrastructure, a well-educated work force, and a strategic location between the Balkans and Western Europe. Privatization has lagged since 2002, and the economy has one of highest levels of state control in the EU. Structural reforms to improve the business environment have allowed for somewhat greater foreign participation in Slovenia's economy and helped to lower unemployment. In March 2004, Slovenia became the first transition country to graduate from borrower status to donor partner at the World Bank. In 2007, Slovenia was invited to begin the process for joining the OECD; it became a member in 2012. Despite its economic success, foreign direct investment (FDI) in Slovenia has lagged behind the region average, and taxes remain relatively high. Furthermore, the labor market is often seen as inflexible, and legacy industries are losing sales to more competitive firms in China, India, and elsewhere. In 2009, the global recession caused the economy to contract - through falling exports and industrial production - by 8%, and unemployment to rise. Although growth resumed in 2010, it dipped into negative territory in 2012 and the unemployment rate continued to rise, exceeding 12% in 2012.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7838 (2012 est.) 0.7185 (2011 est.) 755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.)

Exports

$28.42 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 66 $29.59 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food

Exports - partners

Germany 19.9%, Italy 11.9%, Austria 7.7%, Croatia 6.4%, France 5.7%, Hungary 4% (2011)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$45.42 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$57.93 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 90 $59.25 billion (2011 est.) $58.89 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 2.7% industry: 27.6% services: 69.7% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$28,600 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 47 $29,300 (2011 est.) $29,200 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

-2.2% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 205 0.6% (2011 est.) 1.2% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.4% highest 10%: 24.6% (2004)

Imports

$29.83 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 66 $31.05 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, food

Imports - partners

Germany 16.4%, Italy 16%, Austria 10.2%, Croatia 4.5%, France 4.1%, China 4.1% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate

3.2% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 96

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2.5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 54 1.8% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

16.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 127

Labor force

932,300 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 145

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 2.2% industry: 35% services: 62.8% (2009)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$6.326 billion (31 December 2011) country comparison to the world: 74 $9.428 billion (31 December 2010) $11.77 billion (31 December 2009)

Population below poverty line

12.3% (2008)

Public debt

53.2% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 57 46.9% of GDP (2011 est.) note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$1.154 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 131 $991.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$26.52 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 80 $25.62 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$9.755 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 53 $9.405 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$17.91 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 72 $16.71 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$49.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 65 $48.54 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$16.03 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 66 $16.12 billion (31 December 2010 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues

45.1% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 30

Unemployment rate

12.3% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 128 11.8% (2011 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

17.42 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 87

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 183

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 120

Crude oil - production

5 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Crude oil - proved reserves

NA bbl

Electricity - consumption

11.6 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

Electricity - exports

10.14 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 22

Electricity - from fossil fuels

42.2% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 167

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

34.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 61

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

21.5% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 9

Electricity - from other renewable sources

1.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 60

Electricity - imports

8.014 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Electricity - installed generating capacity

3.4 million kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

Electricity - production

15.61 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Natural gas - consumption

1.06 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 90

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 51

Natural gas - imports

1.053 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 60

Natural gas - production

7 million cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

Natural gas - proved reserves

(1 January 2012 est.)

Refined petroleum products - consumption

52,930 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Refined petroleum products - exports

11,500 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

Refined petroleum products - imports

60,270 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 195

Area

total: 20,273 sq km country comparison to the world: 155 land: 20,151 sq km water: 122 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than New Jersey

Climate

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east

Coastline

46.6 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Triglav 2,864 m

Environment - current issues

Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.9 per capita: 457 cu m/yr (2002)

Geographic coordinates

46 07 N, 14 49 E

Geography - note

despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes

Irrigated land

100 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 1,086 km border countries: Austria 330 km, Croatia 455 km, Hungary 102 km, Italy 199 km

Land use

arable land: 8.53% permanent crops: 1.43% other: 90.04% (2005)

Location

south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards

flooding; earthquakes

Natural resources

lignite coal, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests

Terrain

a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east

Total renewable water resources

32.1 cu km (2005)

Administrative divisions

200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 11 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina) municipalities: Ajdovscina, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Krsko, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sevnica, Sezana, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Salovci, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pr urban municipalities: Celje, Koper-Capodistria, Kranj, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje

Capital

name: Ljubljana geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution

adopted 23 December 1991; amended 14 July 1997 and 25 July 2000

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia conventional short form: Slovenia local long form: Republika Slovenija local short form: Slovenija former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph A. MUSSOMELI embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana mailing address: American Embassy Ljubljana, US Department of State, 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140 telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500 FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Roman KIRN chancery: 2410 California Street N.W., Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 386-6601 FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633 consulate(s) general: Cleveland

Executive branch

chief of state: President Borut PAHOR (since 22 December 2012) head of government: Prime Minister Janez JANSA (since 10 February 2012) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and elected by the National Assembly (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 November and a runoff on 2 December 2012 (next presidential election to be held in 2017); following National Assembly elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition usually nominated to become prime minister by the president and elected by the National Assembly election results: Borut PAHOR elected president; percent of vote - Borut PAHOR 67.4%, Danilo TURK 32.6%; Janez JANSA elected prime minister by National Assembly vote 51-39

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, derive from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries) appears in the upper hoist side of the flag centered on the white and blue bands

Government type

parliamentary republic

Independence

25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court (judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and nominated by the president)

Legal system

civil law system

Legislative branch

bicameral Parliament consists of a National Council or Drzavni Svet (40 seats; members indirectly elected by an electoral college to serve five-year terms; note - this is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers; it may propose laws, ask to review any National Assembly decision, and call national referenda) and the National Assembly or Drzavni Zbor (90 seats; 40 members directly elected and 50 are elected on a proportional basis; note - the number of directly elected and proportionally elected seats varies with each election; the constitution mandates 1 seat each for Slovenia's Hungarian and Italian minorities; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held on 4 December 2011 (next to be held in 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - PS 28.6%, SDS 26.2%, SD 10.5%, LGV 8.4%, DeSUS 7%, SLS 6.9%, NSi 4.8%, other 7.6%; seats by party - PS 28, SDS 26, SD 10, LGV 8, DeSUS 6, SLS 6, NSi 4, Hungarian minority 1, Italian minority 1

National anthem

name: "Zdravljica" (A Toast) lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL note: adopted 1989; the anthem was originally written in 1848; the full poem, whose seventh verse is used as the anthem, speaks of pan-Slavic nationalism

National holiday

Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)

National symbol(s)

Mount Triglav

Political parties and leaders

Civic List Party or LGV [Gregor VIRANT]; Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl ERJAVEC]; Liberal Democracy of Slovenia or LDS [Iztok PODBREGAR]; New Slovenia or NSi [Ljudmila NOVAK]; Positive Slovenia or PS [Zoran JANKOVIC]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC]; Slovene People's Party or SLS [Radovan ZERJAV]; Slovene Youth Party or SMS [Darko KRANJC]; Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]; Social Democrats or SD [Igor LUKSIC] (formerly ZLSD); ZARES [Gregor GOLOBIC]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Slovenian Roma Association [Jozek Horvat MUC]; various trade and public sector employee unions other: Catholic Church

Suffrage

18 years of age, 16 if employed; universal

Background

The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, the Slovenes joined the Serbs and Croats in forming a new multinational state, which was named Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia became a republic of the renewed Yugoslavia, which though Communist, distanced itself from Moscow's rule. Dissatisfied with the exercise of power by the majority Serbs, the Slovenes succeeded in establishing their independence in 1991 after a short 10-day war. Historical ties to Western Europe, a strong economy, and a stable democracy have assisted in Slovenia's transformation to a modern state. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the eurozone in 2007.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 477,592 females age 16-49: 464,301 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 392,075 females age 16-49: 380,077 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 9,818 female: 9,395 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Slovenian Army (includes air and naval forces)

Military expenditures

1.7% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

Military service age and obligation

18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 13.4% (male 138,116/ female 129,804) 15-64 years: 69.5% (male 698,993/ female 688,642) 65 years and over: 17.1% (male 135,229/ female 205,833) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

8.76 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 212

Death rate

11 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Education expenditures

5.2% of GDP (2007) country comparison to the world: 51

Ethnic groups

Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

less than 0.1% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 154

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 100 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 132

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 140

Health expenditures

9.1% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 42

Hospital bed density

4.7 beds/1,000 population (2008)

Infant mortality rate

total: 4.12 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 197 male: 4.66 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages

Slovenian (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or unspecified 4.4%, Italian (official, only in municipalities where Italian national communities reside), Hungarian (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside) (2002 census)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 77.48 years country comparison to the world: 63 male: 73.83 years female: 81.36 years (2012 est.)

Literacy

definition: NA total population: 99.7% male: 99.7% female: 99.7% (2010 est.)

Major cities - population

LJUBLJANA (capital) 260,000 (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

12 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 147

Median age

total: 42.8 years male: 41.1 years female: 44.5 years (2012 est.)

Nationality

noun: Slovene(s) adjective: Slovenian

Net migration rate

0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

15% (2001) country comparison to the world: 37

Physicians density

2.473 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population

1,996,617 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 146

Population growth rate

-0.185% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 207

Religions

Catholic 57.8%, Muslim 2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 census)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 17 years male: 16 years female: 18 years (2008)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.31 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 212

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 13.6% country comparison to the world: 84 male: 13.8% female: 13.4% (2009)

Urbanization

urban population: 50% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

the Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most of Piran Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages to Croatia, remains unratified and in dispute; Slovenia also protests Croatia's 2003 claim to an exclusive economic zone in the Adriatic; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Slovenia has implemented the strict Schengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce through southeastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties with Croatia

Illicit drugs

minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

Airports

16 (2012) country comparison to the world: 142

Airports - with paved runways

total: 7 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 5 (2012)

Merchant marine

registered in other countries: 24 (Cyprus 5, Liberia 7, Malta 4, Marshall Islands 6, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Slovakia 1) (2010) country comparison to the world: 90

Pipelines

gas 840 km; oil 5 km (2010)

Ports and terminals

Koper

Railways

total: 1,228 km country comparison to the world: 84 standard gauge: 1,228 km 1.435-m gauge (503 km electrified) (2007)

Roadways

total: 38,925 km country comparison to the world: 91 paved: 38,925 km (includes 658 km of expressways) (2008)

Waterways

(there is some transport on the Drava River) (2012)