Burundi

Broadcast media

state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV station and the only national radio network; about 10 privately-owned radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2007)

Internet country code

.bi

Internet hosts

229 (2012) country comparison to the world: 199

Internet users

157,800 (2009) country comparison to the world: 147

Telephone system

general assessment: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relays domestic: telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at roughly 20 per 100 persons international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

30,000 (2011) country comparison to the world: 177

Telephones - mobile cellular

1.915 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 141

Agriculture - products

coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, cassava (manioc); beef, milk, hides

Budget

revenues: $473.2 million expenditures: $558.5 million (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-3.4% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 115

Central bank discount rate

11.25% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 26 10% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

17% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 63 13.33% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

-$337.4 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 89 -$253.4 million (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$231.7 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 184 $322.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

42.4 (1998) country comparison to the world: 50

Economy - overview

Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural; agriculture accounts for just over 30% of GDP and employs more than 90% of the population. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Burundi's export earnings - and its ability to pay for imports - rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. An ethnic-based war that lasted for over a decade resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced more than 48,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in 15 adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply. Less than 2% of the population has electricity in its homes. Burundi's GDP grew around 4% annually in 2006-12. Political stability and the end of the civil war have improved aid flows and economic activity has increased, but underlying weaknesses - a high poverty rate, poor education rates, a weak legal system, a poor transportation network, overburdened utilities, and low administrative capacity - risk undermining planned economic reforms. The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept up with inflation. Burundi will remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors - foreign aid represents 42% of Burundi's national income, the second highest rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi joined the East African Community in 2009, which should boost Burundi's regional trade ties, and also in 2009 received $700 million in debt relief. Government corruption is hindering the development of a healthy private sector as companies seek to navigate an environment with ever changing rules.

Exchange rates

Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - 1,439.5 (2012 est.) 1,261.07 (2011 est.) 1,230.8 (2010 est.) 1,230.18 (2009) 1,198 (2008)

Exports

$107.4 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 190 $90.8 million (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides

Exports - partners

Germany 15.6%, China 10.5%, Sweden 9.5%, Belgium 9%, Pakistan 7.4%, US 7.4%, France 4.3% (2011)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$2.53 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$5.489 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 165 $5.268 billion (2011 est.) $5.057 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 31.1% industry: 21.3% services: 47.7% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$600 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 225 $600 (2011 est.) $600 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

4.2% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 79 4.2% (2011 est.) 3.8% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 4.1% highest 10%: 28% (2006)

Imports

$569.7 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 188 $536.6 million (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs

Imports - partners

Saudi Arabia 17.1%, Belgium 8.3%, China 7.6%, Uganda 7.5%, Kenya 6.6%, Zambia 6.5%, US 6.3%, France 5.1%, India 4.1% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate

7% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 40

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

16% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 214 9.7% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

21.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

Labor force

4.245 million (2007) country comparison to the world: 88

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 93.6% industry: 2.3% services: 4.1% (2002 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

68% (2002 est.)

Public debt

72.3% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 36 80.4% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$335.8 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 151 $295.5 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$519 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 176 $465.4 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$642.7 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 167 $576.3 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$372.4 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 167 $333.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

18.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Unemployment rate

NA%

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

527,800 Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 91

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 166

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 116

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 113

Electricity - consumption

198.1 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 185

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 171

Electricity - from fossil fuels

1.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 204

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

98.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 117

Electricity - imports

80 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 95

Electricity - installed generating capacity

52,000 kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 182

Electricity - production

127 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 125

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 169

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 169

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

Refined petroleum products - consumption

2,290 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 188

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 160

Refined petroleum products - imports

1,334 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 189

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Area

total: 27,830 sq km country comparison to the world: 147 land: 25,680 sq km water: 2,150 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate

equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January)

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Heha 2,670 m

Environment - current issues

soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.29 cu km/yr (17%/6%/77%) per capita: 38 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates

3 30 S, 30 00 E

Geography - note

landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile

Irrigated land

230 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km

Land use

arable land: 35.57% permanent crops: 13.12% other: 51.31% (2005)

Location

Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

flooding; landslides; drought

Natural resources

nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone

Terrain

hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains

Total renewable water resources

3.6 cu km (1987)

Administrative divisions

17 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura Mairie, Bujumbura Rural, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi

Capital

name: Bujumbura geographic coordinates: 3 22 S, 29 21 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

ratified by popular referendum 28 February 2005

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador [vacant]; Charge d'Affaires Samuel R. WATSON embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 FAX: [257] 222926

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Angele NIYUHIRE chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578

Executive branch

chief of state: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Therence SINUNGURUZA - Tutsi (since 29 August 2010); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Pierre NKURUNZIZA - Hutu (since 26 August 2005); First Vice President Therence SINUNGURUZA - Tutsi (since 29 August 2010); Second Vice President Gervais RUFYIKIRI - Hutu (since 29 August 2010) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: the president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 28 June 2010 (next to be held in 2015); vice presidents nominated by the president, endorsed by parliament election results: Pierre NKURUNZIZA elected president by popular vote; Pierre NKURUNZIZA 91.6%, other 8.4%; note - opposition parties withdrew from the election due to alleged government interference in the electoral process

Flag description

divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and fly side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below); green symbolizes hope and optimism, white purity and peace, and red the blood shed in the struggle for independence; the three stars in the disk represent the three major ethnic groups: Hutu, Twa, Tutsi, as well as the three elements in the national motto: unity, work, progress

Government type

republic

Independence

1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, COMESA, EAC, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; High Court of Justice (composed of the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court)

Legal system

mixed legal system of Belgian civil law and customary law

Legislative branch

bicameral Parliament or Parlement, consists of a Senate (54 seats; 34 members elected by indirect vote to serve five-year terms, with remaining seats assigned to ethnic groups and former chiefs of state) and a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (minimum 100 seats, 60% Hutu and 40% Tutsi with at least 30% being women; additional seats appointed by a National Independent Electoral Commission to ensure ethnic representation; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 23 July 2010 (next to be held in 2015) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - TBD; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CNDD-FDD 81.2%, UPRONA 11.6%, FRODEBU 5.9%, others 1.3%; seats by party - CNDD-FDD 81, UPRONA 17, FRODEBU 5, other 3

National anthem

name: "Burundi Bwacu" (Our Beloved Burundi) lyrics/music: Jean-Baptiste NTAHOKAJA/Marc BARENGAYABO note: adopted 1962

National holiday

Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

National symbol(s)

lion

Political parties and leaders

governing parties: Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy - Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [Jeremie NGENDAKUMANA]; Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progress Nationale) or UPRONA [Bonaventure NIYOYANKANA] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [Leonard NYANGOMA]; National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique NININAHAZWE] (civil society umbrella organization); Observatoire de lutte contre la corruption et les malversations economiques or OLUCOME [Gabriel RUFYIRI] (anti-corruption pressure group) other: Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only 100 days in office, triggering widespread ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. More than 200,000 Burundians perished during the conflict that spanned almost a dozen years. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians were internally displaced or became refugees in neighboring countries. An internationally brokered power-sharing agreement between the Tutsi-dominated government and the Hutu rebels in 2003 paved the way for a transition process that led to an integrated defense force, established a new constitution in 2005, and elected a majority Hutu government in 2005. The government of President Pierre NKURUNZIZA, who was reelected in 2010, continues to face many political and economic challenges.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 2,182,327 females age 16-49: 2,202,125 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 1,398,769 females age 16-49: 1,481,417 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 117,956 female: 116,956 (2010 est.)

Military branches

National Defense Forces (Forces de Defense Nationale, FDN): Army (includes naval detachment, Air Wing, and Coast Guard), National Gendarmerie (2011)

Military expenditures

5.9% of GDP (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

Military service age and obligation

military service is voluntary; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government claimed that no one younger than 18 was being recruited; mandatory retirement age 45 (enlisted), 50 (NCOs), and 55 (officers) (2011)

Age structure

0-14 years: 45.8% (male 2,431,155/ female 2,405,176) 15-64 years: 51.7% (male 2,694,891/ female 2,765,234) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 104,391/ female 156,412) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

40.58 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

38.9% (2000) country comparison to the world: 6

Death rate

9.36 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

Education expenditures

8.3% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 10

Ethnic groups

Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

3.3% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 21

HIV/AIDS - deaths

15,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 19

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

180,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 28

Health expenditures

13.1% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 7

Hospital bed density

0.73 beds/1,000 population (2006)

Infant mortality rate

total: 60.32 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 27 male: 64.85 deaths/1,000 live births female: 55.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages

Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 59.24 years country comparison to the world: 191 male: 57.52 years female: 61.02 years (2012 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 67.2% male: 72.9% female: 61.8% (2010 est.)

Major cities - population

BUJUMBURA (capital) 455,000 (2009)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

800 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 5

Median age

total: 17 years male: 16.6 years female: 17.3 years (2012 est.)

Nationality

noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundian

Net migration rate

-0.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 122

Physicians density

0.03 physicians/1,000 population (2004)

Population

10,557,259 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 81 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate

3.104% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 7

Religions

Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 49% of population rural: 46% of population total: 46% of population unimproved: urban: 51% of population rural: 54% of population total: 54% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years male: 9 years female: 7 years (2009)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

6.08 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 5

Urbanization

urban population: 11% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 4.9% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

Burundi and Rwanda dispute two sq km (0.8 sq mi) of Sabanerwa, a farmed area in the Rukurazi Valley where the Akanyaru/Kanyaru River shifted its course southward after heavy rains in 1965; cross-border conflicts persist among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in the Great Lakes region

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 35,213 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2011) IDPs: 78,796 (the majority are ethnic Tutsi displaced by inter-communal violence that broke out after the 1993 coup and fighting between government forces and rebel groups; no new displacements since 2008 when the last rebel group laid down its arms) (2011)

Airports

7 (2012) country comparison to the world: 168

Airports - with paved runways

total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 2 (2012)

Heliports

1 (2012)

Ports and terminals

Bujumbura

Roadways

total: 12,322 km country comparison to the world: 129 paved: 1,286 km unpaved: 11,036 km (2004)

Waterways

(mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo) (2011)