Eswatini

Broadcast media

1 state-owned TV station; satellite dishes are able to access South African providers; state-owned radio network with 3 channels; 1 private radio station (2017)

Internet country code

.sz

Internet users

total: 414,724 | percent of population: 28.6% (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 137

Telephone system

general assessment: a somewhat modern but not an advanced system | domestic: Swaziland recently awarded a second mobile-cellular service; communication infrastructure has a geographic coverage of about 90% and a rising subscriber base; combined fixed-line and mobile cellular teledensity roughly 70 telephones per 100 persons; telephone system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay | international: country code - 268; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2017)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 42,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 166

Telephones - mobile cellular

total: 995,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 69 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160

Agriculture - products

sugarcane, corn, cotton, citrus, pineapples, cattle, goats

Budget

revenues: $980.1 million | expenditures: $1.443 billion (2016 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-12.3% of GDP (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 204

Central bank discount rate

7.25% (31 December 2016) | 6.5% (31 December 2015) | country comparison to the world: 45

Commercial bank prime lending rate

10.3% (31 December 2016 est.) | 9.04% (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 80

Current account balance

$26 million (2016 est.) | $280.5 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 50

Debt - external

$468.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) | $390.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 179

Distribution of family income - Gini index

50.4 (2001) | country comparison to the world: 16

Economy - overview

A small, landlocked kingdom, Swaziland is bordered in the north, west and south by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the east. Swaziland depends on South Africa for 60% of its exports and for more than 90% of its imports. Swaziland's currency is pegged to the South African rand, effectively relinquishing Swaziland's monetary policy to South Africa. The government is dependent on customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) for 49% of revenue; income tax accounts for 27% and a valued added tax for 19% of revenues. Swaziland is a lower middle income country, but its income distribution is highly skewed, with an estimated 20% of the population controlling 80% of the nation’s wealth. As of 2017, more than one-quarter of the adult population was infected by HIV/AIDS; Swaziland has the world’s highest HIV prevalence rate. | Subsistence agriculture employs approximately 70% of the population. The manufacturing sector diversified in the 1980s and 1990s, but manufacturing has grown little in the last decade. Sugar and soft drink concentrate are the largest foreign exchange earners. Mining has declined in importance in recent years. Coal, gold, diamond, and quarry stone mines are small scale, and the only iron ore mine closed in 2014. | With an estimated 28% unemployment rate, Swaziland's need to increase the number and size of small and medium enterprises and to attract foreign direct investment is acute. On 1 January 2015, Swaziland lost its eligibility for benefits under the US African Growth and Opportunity Act after failing to meet benchmarks relating to workers’ rights. | The IMF forecasted that Swaziland’s economy will grow at a slower pace in 2017 because of a region-wide drought, which is likely to hurt Swaziland’s revenue from sugar exports and other agricultural products; tourism and transport sectors will also decline. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and floods are persistent problems. Swaziland’s revenue from SACU receipts also are projected to decline in 2017, making it harder for the government to maintain fiscal balance.

Exchange rates

emalangeni per US dollar - | 14.6924 (2016 est.) | 14.6924 (2015 est.) | 12.7581 (2014 est.) | 10.8469 (2013 est.) | 8.2 (2012 est.)

Exports

$1.577 billion (2016 est.) | $1.647 billion (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 145

Exports - commodities

soft drink concentrates, sugar, timber, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus, and canned fruit

Exports - partners

South Africa 87.1%, Namibia 4% (2016)

Fiscal year

1 April - 31 March

GDP (official exchange rate)

$3.786 billion (2016 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$11.11 billion (2016 est.) | $10.97 billion (2015 est.) | $10.74 billion (2014 est.) | note: data are in 2016 dollars | country comparison to the world: 155

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 67.4% | government consumption: 15.6% | investment in fixed capital: 14.1% | investment in inventories: -0.1% | exports of goods and services: 36.6% | imports of goods and services: -33.7% (2015 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 6.3% | industry: 45.4% | services: 48.3% (2016 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$9,800 (2016 est.) | $9,900 (2015 est.) | $9,900 (2014 est.) | note: data are in 2016 dollars | country comparison to the world: 138

GDP - real growth rate

0% (2016 est.) | 1.1% (2015 est.) | 3.6% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 193

Gross national saving

12.8% of GDP (2016 est.) | 23% of GDP (2015 est.) | 11.6% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 106

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 1.7% | highest 10%: 40.1% (2010 est.)

Imports

$1.405 billion (2016 est.) | $1.387 billion (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 170

Imports - commodities

motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals

Imports - partners

South Africa 60.3%, China 5.3%, Mozambique 5.1% (2016)

Industrial production growth rate

1.9% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 113

Industries

soft drink concentrates, coal, forestry, sugar processing, textiles, and apparel

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

8% (2016 est.) | 5% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 195

Labor force

427,900 (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 158

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 10.7% | industry: 30.4% | services: 58.9% (2014 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA | $203.1 million (31 December 2007) | $199.9 million (31 December 2006)

Population below poverty line

63% (2010 est.)

Public debt

27.5% of GDP (2016 est.) | 18.6% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 167

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$564.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) | $548 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 142

Stock of broad money

$1.015 billion (31 December 2016 est.) | $848.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 173

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$NA

Stock of domestic credit

$890.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) | $557.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 169

Stock of narrow money

$316.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) | $304.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 179

Taxes and other revenues

26% of GDP (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 114

Unemployment rate

28% (2014 est.) | 28% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 199

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

600,000 Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 176

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 214

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 214

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 215

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2017) | country comparison to the world: 215

Electricity - consumption

1.481 billion kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 149

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2016) | country comparison to the world: 218

Electricity - from fossil fuels

35.6% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 176

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

21.4% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 85

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 212

Electricity - from other renewable sources

43.1% of total installed capacity (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 4

Electricity - imports

1.08 billion kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 65

Electricity - installed generating capacity

281,000 kW (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 159

Electricity - production

431 million kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 170

Electricity access

population without electricity: 900,000 | electrification - total population: 27% | electrification - urban areas: 40% | electrification - rural areas: 24% (2013)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 150

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 213

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 212

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 215

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2014 es) | country comparison to the world: 210

Refined petroleum products - consumption

5,000 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 176

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 216

Refined petroleum products - imports

5,029 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 167

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 216

Area

total: 17,364 sq km | land: 17,204 sq km | water: 160 sq km | country comparison to the world: 159

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than New Jersey

Climate

varies from tropical to near temperate

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

mean elevation: 305 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m | highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m

Environment - current issues

limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection | signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea

Geographic coordinates

26 30 S, 31 30 E

Geography - note

landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa

Irrigated land

500 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total: 546 km | border countries (2): Mozambique 108 km, South Africa 438 km

Land use

agricultural land: 68.3% | arable land 9.8%; permanent crops 0.8%; permanent pasture 57.7% | forest: 31.7% | other: 0% (2011 est.)

Location

Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

drought

Natural resources

asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc

Population - distribution

because of its mountainous terrain, the population distribution is uneven throughout the country, concentrating primarily in valleys and plains

Terrain

mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains

Administrative divisions

4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni

Capital

name: Mbabane (administrative capital); Lobamba (royal and legislative capital) | geographic coordinates: 26 19 S, 31 08 E | time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: both parents must be citizens of Swaziland | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Constitution

history: previous 1968, 1978; latest signed by the king 26 July 2005, effective 8 February 2006 | amendments: proposed at a joint sitting of both houses of Parliament; passage requires majority vote by both houses and/or majority vote in a referendum, and assent by the king; passage of amendments affecting “specially entrenched” constitutional provisions requires at least three-fourths majority vote by both houses, passage by simple majority vote in a referendum, and assent by the king; passage of “entrenched" provisions requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses, passage in a referendum, and assent by the king (2017)

Country name

conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland | conventional short form: Swaziland | local long form: Umbuso weSwatini | local short form: eSwatini | etymology: "Land of the Swazi" people; the name "Swazi" derives from 19th century King MSWATI II, under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Lisa J. PETERSON (since February 2016) | embassy: corner of MR 103 and Cultural Center Drive, Ezulwini | mailing address: P.O. Box D202, The Gables, H106 | telephone: [268] 2417-9000 | FAX: [268] 2416-3344

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Njabuliso Busisiwe Sikhulile GWEBU (since 24 April 2017) | chancery: 1712 New Hampshire Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009 | telephone: [1] (202) 234-5002 | FAX: [1] (202) 234-8254

Executive branch

chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986) | head of government: Prime Minister Barnabas Sibusiso DLAMINI (since 23 October 2008); Deputy Prime Minister Paul DLAMINI (since 2013) | cabinet: Cabinet recommended by the prime minister, confirmed by the monarch | elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch from among elected members of the House of Assembly

Flag description

three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally; blue stands for peace and stability, red represents past struggles, and yellow the mineral resources of the country; the shield, spears, and staff symbolize protection from the country's enemies, while the black and white of the shield are meant to portray black and white people living in peaceful coexistence

Government type

absolute monarchy

Independence

6 September 1968 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): the Supreme Court of the Judicature comprising the Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and at least 6 justices) and the High Court (consists of the chief justice - ex officio - and at least 12 justices); note - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in all constitutional matters | judge selection and term of office: justices of the Supreme Court of the Judicature appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission or JSC, a judicial advisory body consisting of the Supreme Court Chief Justice, 4 members appointed by the monarch, and the JSC head; justices of both courts eligible for retirement at age 65 with mandatory retirement at age 75 for Supreme Court justices and at age 70 for High Court justices | subordinate courts: magistrates' courts; National Swazi Courts for administering customary/traditional laws (jurisdiction restricted to customary law for Swazi citizens) | note: the national constitution as amended in 2006 shifted judicial power from the monarch and vested it exclusively in the judiciary

Legal system

mixed legal system of civil, common, and customary law

Legislative branch

description: bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 20 members appointed by the monarch and 10 indirectly elected by simple majority vote by the House of Assembly; members serve 5-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 55 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed and 10 members appointed by the monarch; members serve 5-year terms) | elections: House of Assembly - last held on 24 August 2013 with a runoff on 20 September 2013 (next scheduled for September 2018) | election results: House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - independent 55

National anthem

name: "Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati" (Oh God, Bestower of the Blessings of the Swazi) | lyrics/music: Andrease Enoke Fanyana SIMELANE/David Kenneth RYCROFT | note: adopted 1968; uses elements of both ethnic Swazi and Western music styles

National holiday

Independence Day (Somhlolo Day), 6 September (1968)

National symbol(s)

lion, elephant; national colors: blue, yellow, red

Political parties and leaders

the status of political parties, previously banned, is unclear under the 2006 Constitution; the following are considered political associations: | African United Democratic Party or AUDP [Sibusiso DLAMINI] | Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Dr. Alvit DLAMINI] | People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU] | Swaziland Democratic Party or SWADEPA [Jan SITHOLE]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Swaziland United Democratic Front or SUDF | Trade Union Congress of Swaziland or TUCOSWA | Swaziland Solidarity Network or SSN

Suffrage

18 years of age

Background

Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted in 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s pressured King MSWATI III, Africa's last absolute monarch, to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy, although he has backslid on these promises in recent years. A constitution came into effect in 2006, but the legal status of political parties was not defined and their status remains unclear. Swaziland has surpassed Botswana as the country with the world's highest known HIV/AIDS prevalence rate.

Military branches

Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (USDF): Ground Force (includes Air Wing (no operational aircraft)) (2013)

Military expenditures

1.81% of GDP (2016) | 1.78% of GDP (2015) | 1.81% of GDP (2014) | 1.88% of GDP (2013) | 1.89% of GDP (2012) | country comparison to the world: 18

Military service age and obligation

18-30 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; compulsory HIV testing required, only HIV-negative applicants accepted (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 35.01% (male 259,646/female 253,976) | 15-24 years: 22.12% (male 164,117/female 160,478) | 25-54 years: 34.6% (male 264,262/female 243,362) | 55-64 years: 4.3% (male 25,319/female 37,763) | 65 years and over: 3.97% (male 22,113/female 36,116) (2017 est.)

Birth rate

24 births/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 55

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

5.8% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 84

Contraceptive prevalence rate

66.1% (2014)

Death rate

13.2 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 13

Demographic profile

Swaziland, a small, predominantly rural, landlocked country surrounded by South Africa and Mozambique, suffers from severe poverty and the world’s highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate. A weak and deteriorating economy, high unemployment, rapid population growth, and an uneven distribution of resources all combine to worsen already persistent poverty and food insecurity, especially in rural areas. Erratic weather (frequent droughts and intermittent heavy rains and flooding), overuse of small plots, the overgrazing of cattle, and outdated agricultural practices reduce crop yields and further degrade the environment, exacerbating Swaziland’s poverty and subsistence problems. Swaziland’s extremely high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate – more than 28% of adults have the disease – compounds these issues. Agricultural production has declined due to HIV/AIDS, as the illness causes households to lose manpower and to sell livestock and other assets to pay for medicine and funerals. | Swazis, mainly men from the country’s rural south, have been migrating to South Africa to work in coal, and later gold, mines since the late 19th century. Although the number of miners abroad has never been high in absolute terms because of Swaziland’s small population, the outflow has had important social and economic repercussions. The peak of mining employment in South Africa occurred during the 1980s. Cross-border movement has accelerated since the 1990s, as increasing unemployment has pushed more Swazis to look for work in South Africa (creating a “brain drain” in the health and educational sectors); southern Swazi men have continued to pursue mining, although the industry has downsized. Women now make up an increasing share of migrants and dominate cross-border trading in handicrafts, using the proceeds to purchase goods back in Swaziland. Much of today’s migration, however, is not work-related but focuses on visits to family and friends, tourism, and shopping.

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 68.8 | youth dependency ratio: 63.5 | elderly dependency ratio: 5.2 | potential support ratio: 19.1 (2015 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 93.6% of population | rural: 68.9% of population | total: 74.1% of population | urban: 6.4% of population | rural: 31.1% of population | total: 25.9% of population (2015 est.)

Education expenditures

7.1% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 12

Ethnic groups

African 97%, European 3%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

27.2% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 1

HIV/AIDS - deaths

3,900 (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 35

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

220,000 (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 26

Health expenditures

9.3% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 34

Hospital bed density

2.1 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

total: 48.4 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 52.2 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 44.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 34

Languages

English (official, used for government business), siSwati (official)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 52.1 years | male: 52.7 years | female: 51.5 years (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 220

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 87.5% | male: 87.4% | female: 87.5% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: intermediate | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne disease: malaria | water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2016)

Major urban areas - population

MBABANE (capital) 66,000 (2014)

Maternal mortality rate

389 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 29

Median age

total: 21.7 years | male: 21.5 years | female: 21.9 years (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 181

Mother's mean age at first birth

19.5 years | note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2006/07 est.)

Nationality

noun: Swazi(s) | adjective: Swazi

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 101

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

16.5% (2016) | country comparison to the world: 124

Physicians density

0.15 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population

1,467,152 | note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 154

Population distribution

because of its mountainous terrain, the population distribution is uneven throughout the country, concentrating primarily in valleys and plains

Population growth rate

1.08% (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 102

Religions

Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Mormon, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous religionist, Jewish) (2015 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 63.1% of population | rural: 56% of population | total: 57.5% of population | urban: 36.9% of population | rural: 44% of population | total: 42.5% of population (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 11 years | male: 12 years | female: 11 years (2013)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.02 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1.08 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.66 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female | total population: 1 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.69 children born/woman (2017 est.) | country comparison to the world: 68

Urbanization

urban population: 21.3% of total population (2017) | rate of urbanization: 1.41% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Disputes - international

in 2006, Swazi king advocated resorting to ICJ to claim parts of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal from South Africa

Airports

14 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 149

Airports - with paved runways

total: 2 | over 3,047 m: 1 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 12 | 914 to 1,523 m: 5 | under 914 m: 7 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

3D (2016)

National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 1 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 1 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 89,791 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 0 mt-km (2015)

Railways

total: 301 km | narrow gauge: 301 km 1.067-m gauge (2014) | country comparison to the world: 123

Roadways

total: 3,594 km | paved: 1,078 km | unpaved: 2,516 km (2002) | country comparison to the world: 160