Uganda

Broadcast media

public broadcaster, Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (UBC), operates radio and TV networks; Uganda first began licensing privately owned stations in the 1990s; by 2007, there were nearly 150 radio and 35 TV stations, mostly based in and around Kampala; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available in Kampala (2007)

Internet country code

.ug

Internet users

total: 6 million | percent of population: 16.8% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57

Radio broadcast stations

AM 7, FM 33, shortwave 2 (2001)

Telephone system

general assessment: mobile cellular service is increasing rapidly, but the number of main lines is still deficient; work underway on a national backbone information and communications technology infrastructure; international phone networks and Internet connectivity provided through satellite and VSAT applications | domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed-line and mobile-cellular systems for short-range traffic; mobile-cellular teledensity about 50 per 100 persons in 2010 | international: country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 320,000 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 114

Telephones - mobile cellular

total: 20.4 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 57 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57

Television broadcast stations

8 (plus 1 repeater) (2001)

Agriculture - products

coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (manioc, tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry

Budget

revenues: $3.434 billion | expenditures: $4.431 billion (2014 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-3.8% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 137

Central bank discount rate

14% (December 2014) | 14.5% (31 December 2013) | country comparison to the world: 10

Commercial bank prime lending rate

20.7% (31 December 2014 est.) | 22% (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 13

Current account balance

-$2.082 billion (2014 est.) | -$1.696 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 150

Debt - external

$4.095 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $3.594 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 125

Distribution of family income - Gini index

39.5 (2013) | 45.7 (2002) | country comparison to the world: 46

Economy - overview

Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals, and recently discovered oil. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over two-thirds of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. Since 1990 economic reforms ushered in an era of solid economic growth based on continued investment in infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, lower inflation, better domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. The global economic downturn in 2008 hurt Uganda's exports; however, Uganda's GDP growth has largely recovered due to past reforms and sound management of the downturn. Oil revenues and taxes will become a larger source of government funding as oil comes on line in the next few years, although lower oil prices since 2014 and protracted negotiations and legal disputes between the Ugandan government and oil companies may prove a stumbling block to further exploration and development. Instability in South Sudan is a risk for the Ugandan economy because Uganda is a key destination for Sudanese refugees and South Sudan is Uganda's main export partner. Unreliable power, high energy costs, inadequate transportation infrastructure, and corruption inhibit economic development and investor confidence. During 2014 to 2015 the Uganda shilling depreciated against the dollar, and this, coupled with increased public debt, has severely impeded production, especially since Uganda imports most of its capital goods.

Exchange rates

Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar - | 2,600.3 (2014 est.) | 2,586.5 (2013 est.) | 2,505.6 (2012 est.) | 2,522.8 (2011 est.) | 2,177.6 (2010 est.)

Exports

$2.66 billion (2014 est.) | $2.829 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 133

Exports - commodities

coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold

Exports - partners

Rwanda 10.1%, UAE 9.8%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9.3%, Kenya 9.1%, Netherlands 6%, Germany 5.7%, Italy 5.5%, China 5.3% (2014)

Fiscal year

1 July - 30 June

GDP (official exchange rate)

$27.62 billion (2014 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$76.94 billion (2014 est.) | $73.35 billion (2013 est.) | $70.6 billion (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 98

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 78.9% | government consumption: 8.8% | investment in fixed capital: 24.2% | investment in inventories: 0.2% | exports of goods and services: 21% | imports of goods and services: -33.2% | (2014 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 21.9% | industry: 26.7% | services: 51.3% (2014 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$2,000 (2014 est.) | $1,900 (2013 est.) | $1,900 (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 209

GDP - real growth rate

4.9% (2014 est.) | 3.9% (2013 est.) | 2.6% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36

Gross national saving

24.3% of GDP (2014 est.) | 22.9% of GDP (2013 est.) | 21.6% of GDP (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.4% | highest 10%: 36.1% (2009 est.)

Imports

$4.714 billion (2014 est.) | $4.512 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 130

Imports - commodities

capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals

Imports - partners

Kenya 18.3%, UAE 14.3%, India 12.8%, China 11.3%, Japan 4.4% (2014)

Industrial production growth rate

5% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52

Industries

sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

4.7% (2014 est.) | 5.5% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 167

Labor force

18 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 34

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 82% | industry: 5% | services: 13% (1999 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$7.294 billion (31 December 2012 est.) | $7.727 billion (31 December 2011 est.) | $1.788 billion (31 December 2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 80

Population below poverty line

19.7% (2013 est.)

Public debt

35.7% of GDP (2014 est.) | 34.2% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 110

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$3.246 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $3.122 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | note: excludes gold | country comparison to the world: 103

Stock of broad money

$4.262 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $3.705 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 139

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$NA

Stock of domestic credit

$3.777 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $3.332 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 127

Stock of narrow money

$2.451 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $2.218 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 125

Taxes and other revenues

13.2% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 202

Unemployment rate

NA%

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

2.548 million Mt (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 145

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 196

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 134

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 137

Crude oil - proved reserves

2.5 billion bbl (July 6, 1905) | country comparison to the world: 34

Electricity - consumption

2.284 billion kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 138

Electricity - exports

70 million kWh (2011) | country comparison to the world: 84

Electricity - from fossil fuels

21% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 192

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

59.9% of total installed capacity (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 19

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 195

Electricity - from other renewable sources

19.2% of total installed capacity (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 65

Electricity - imports

36 million kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105

Electricity - installed generating capacity

711,400 kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 132

Electricity - production

2.493 billion kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 133

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 202

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 197

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 142

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 201

Natural gas - proved reserves

14.16 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 77

Refined petroleum products - consumption

18,180 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 135

Refined petroleum products - exports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 139

Refined petroleum products - imports

22,990 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 99

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 203

Area

total: 241,038 sq km | land: 197,100 sq km | water: 43,938 sq km | country comparison to the world: 81

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Oregon

Climate

tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Lake Albert 621 m | highest point: Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m

Environment - current issues

draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; widespread poaching

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.32 cu km/yr (41%/16%/43%) | per capita: 12.31 cu m/yr (2005)

Geographic coordinates

1 00 N, 32 00 E

Geography - note

landlocked; fertile, well-watered country with many lakes and rivers

Irrigated land

144.2 sq km (2010)

Land boundaries

total: 2,729 km | border countries (5): Democratic Republic of the Congo 877 km, Kenya 814 km, Rwanda 172 km, South Sudan 475 km, Tanzania 391 km

Land use

agricultural land: 71.2% | arable land 34.3%; permanent crops 11.3%; permanent pasture 25.6% | forest: 14.5% | other: 14.3% (2011 est.)

Location

East-Central Africa, west of Kenya, east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

NA

Natural resources

copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land, gold

Terrain

mostly plateau with rim of mountains

Total renewable water resources

66 cu km (2011)

Administrative divisions

111 districts and 1 capital city*; Abim, Adjumani, Agago, Alebtong, Amolatar, Amudat, Amuria, Amuru, Apac, Arua, Budaka, Bududa, Bugiri, Buhweju, Buikwe, Bukedea, Bukomansimbi, Bukwa, Bulambuli, Buliisa, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Butaleja, Butambala, Buvuma, Buyende, Dokolo, Gomba, Gulu, Hoima, Ibanda, Iganga, Isingiro, Jinja, Kaabong, Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kalangala, Kaliro, Kalungu, Kampala*, Kamuli, Kamwenge, Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibaale, Kiboga, Kibuku, Kiruhura, Kiryandongo, Kisoro, Kitgum, Koboko, Kole, Kotido, Kumi, Kween, Kyankwanzi, Kyegegwa, Kyenjojo, Lamwo, Lira, Luuka, Luwero, Lwengo, Lyantonde, Manafwa, Maracha, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge, Mbale, Mbarara, Mitooma, Mityana, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit, Nakaseke, Nakasongola, Namayingo, Namutumba, Napak, Nebbi, Ngora, Ntoroko, Ntungamo, Nwoya, Otuke, Oyam, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rubirizi, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Serere, Sheema, Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe, Zombo

Capital

name: Kampala | geographic coordinates: 0 19 N, 32 33 E | time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution

several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1995, promulgated 8 October 1995; amended many times, last in 2005 (2011)

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Uganda | conventional short form: Uganda

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Scott H. DELISI (since 29 September 2012) | embassy: 1577 Ggaba Road, Kampala | mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala | telephone: [256] (414) 259 791 through 93, 95 | FAX: [256] (414) 259-794

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Oliver WONEKHA (since 6 June 2013) | chancery: 5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 | telephone: [1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416 | FAX: [1] (202) 726-1727

Executive branch

chief of state: President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Vice President Edward SSEKANDI (since 24 May 2011); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government | head of government: President Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power on 26 January 1986); Prime Minister Amama MBABAZI (since 24 May 2011); note - the prime minister assists the president in supervising the cabinet | cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected members of the National Assembly | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (limited to 2 terms); election last held on 18 February 2011 (next to be held in 2016) | election results: Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI reelected president; percent of vote - Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (NRM) 68.4%, Kizza BESIGYE (FDC) 26.0%, other 5.6%

Flag description

six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a grey crowned crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side; black symbolizes the African people, yellow sunshine and vitality, red African brotherhood; the crane was the military badge of Ugandan soldiers under the UK

Government type

republic

Independence

9 October 1962 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EAC, EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Uganda (consists of the chief justice and 7 justices) | judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the president in consultation with the Judicial Service Commission (a 9-member independent advisory body) and with approval of the National Assembly; justices serve until mandatory retirement at age 70 | subordinate courts: Court of Appeal (also sits as the Constitutional Court); High Court (includes 10 High Court Circuits and 7 High Court Divisions); Chief Magistrate, Grade One and Grade Two Courts

Legal system

mixed legal system of English common law and customary law

Legislative branch

description: unicameral National Assembly or Parliament (338 seats; 238 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 112 for women - directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 25 "representatives" reserved for special interest groups - army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5; there are 13 ex-officio members appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms) | elections: last held on 18 February 2011 (next to be held in March 2016) | election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NRM 263, FDC 34, DP 12, UPC 10, UPDF 10, CP 1, JEEMA 1, independent 43, vacant 1; note - UPDF is the Uganda People's Defense Force

National anthem

name: "Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty!" | lyrics/music: George Wilberforce KAKOMOA | note: adopted 1962

National holiday

Independence Day, 9 October (1962)

National symbol(s)

grey crowned crane; national colors: black, yellow, red

Political parties and leaders

Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI] | Democratic Party or DP [Norbert MAO] | Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Muntu MUGISHA] | Justice Forum or JEEMA [Asuman BASALIRWA] | National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI] | Peoples Progressive Party or PPP [Bidandi SSALI] | Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Olara OTUNNU]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Activists for Change or A4C | National Association of Women Organizations in Uganda or NAWOU [Florence NEKYON] | Parliamentary Advocacy Forum or PAFO | Ugandan Coalition for Political Accountability to Women or COPAW

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

The colonial boundaries created by Britain to delimit Uganda grouped together a wide range of ethnic groups with different political systems and cultures. These differences prevented the establishment of a working political community after independence was achieved in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed at least another 100,000 lives. The rule of Yoweri MUSEVENI since 1986 has brought relative stability and economic growth to Uganda. A constitutional referendum in 2005 cancelled a 19-year ban on multi-party politics and lifted presidential term limits.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 7,249,271 | females age 16-49: 7,025,439 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 4,313,068 | females age 16-49: 4,200,901 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 423,923 | female: 420,236 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Uganda People's Defense Force (UPDF): Land Forces (includes Marine Unit), Uganda Air Force (2013)

Military expenditures

2.2% of GDP (2013) | 1.45% of GDP (2012) | 3.73% of GDP (2011) | 1.45% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 67

Military service age and obligation

18-26 years of age for voluntary military duty; 18-30 years of age for professionals; no conscription; 9-year service obligation; the government has stated that while recruitment under 18 years of age could occur with proper consent, "no person under the apparent age of 18 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces"; Ugandan citizenship and secondary education required (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 48.47% (male 8,966,494/female 9,015,302) | 15-24 years: 21.16% (male 3,892,004/female 3,958,998) | 25-54 years: 25.91% (male 4,808,534/female 4,803,040) | 55-64 years: 2.43% (male 431,112/female 470,359) | 65 years and over: 2.04% (male 332,724/female 423,178) (2015 est.)

Birth rate

43.79 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 3

Child labor - children ages 5-14

total number: 117,266 | percentage: 25% | note: data represents children ages 5-17 (2010 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

14.1% (2011) | country comparison to the world: 51

Contraceptive prevalence rate

30% (2011)

Death rate

10.69 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 102.3% | youth dependency ratio: 97.3% | elderly dependency ratio: 5% | potential support ratio: 19.9% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 95.5% of population | rural: 75.8% of population | total: 79% of population | urban: 4.5% of population | rural: 24.2% of population | total: 21% of population (2015 est.)

Education expenditures

3.3% of GDP (2012) | country comparison to the world: 131

Ethnic groups

Baganda 16.9%, Banyankole 9.5%, Basoga 8.4%, Bakiga 6.9%, Iteso 6.4%, Langi 6.1%, Acholi 4.7%, Bagisu 4.6%, Lugbara 4.2%, Bunyoro 2.7%, other 29.6% (2002 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

7.25% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 10

HIV/AIDS - deaths

32,900 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 10

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

1,486,600 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 7

Health expenditures

9.8% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 58

Hospital bed density

0.5 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate

total: 59.21 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 68.39 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 49.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 21

Languages

English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 54.93 years | male: 53.54 years | female: 56.36 years (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 211

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 78.4% | male: 85.3% | female: 71.5% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and trypanosomiasis-Gambiense (African sleeping sickness) | water contact disease: schistosomiasis | animal contact disease: rabies (2013)

Major urban areas - population

KAMPALA (capital) 1.936 million (2015)

Median age

total: 15.6 years | male: 15.6 years | female: 15.7 years (2015 est.)

Nationality

noun: Ugandan(s) | adjective: Ugandan

Net migration rate

-0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 143

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

3.9% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 167

Physicians density

0.12 physicians/1,000 population (2005)

Population

37,101,745 | note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36

Population growth rate

3.24% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 5

Religions

Roman Catholic 41.9%, Protestant 42% (Anglican 35.9%, Pentecostal 4.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.5%), Muslim 12.1%, other 3.1%, none 0.9% (2002 census)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 28.5% of population | rural: 17.3% of population | total: 19.1% of population | urban: 71.5% of population | rural: 82.7% of population | total: 80.9% of population (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years | male: 10 years | female: 10 years (2011)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 0.98 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female | total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2015 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.89 children born/woman (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 5

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 5.4% (2009 est.) | country comparison to the world: 125

Urbanization

urban population: 16.1% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 5.43% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

Uganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forces that extend across its borders; Ugandan refugees as well as members of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) seek shelter in southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Garamba National Park; LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages across the border

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 190,612 (South Sudan); 187,838 (Democratic Republic of Congo); 28,005 (Somalia); 16,601 (Rwanda); 26,106 (Burundi) (2015) | IDPs: 30,136 (displaced in northern Uganda because of fighting between government forces and the Lord's Resistance Army; as of 2011, most of the 1.8 million people displaced to IDP camps at the height of the conflict had returned home or resettled, but many had not found durable solutions; intercommunal violence and cattle raids) (2014)

Airports

47 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 93

Airports - with paved runways

total: 5 | over 3,047 m: 3 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 42 | over 3,047 m: 1 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 | 914 to 1,523 m: 26 | 7 (2013)

Ports and terminals

lake port(s): Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell (Lake Victoria)

Railways

total: 1,244 km | narrow gauge: 1,244 km 1.000-m gauge (2014) | country comparison to the world: 83

Roadways

total: 20,000 km (excludes local roads) | paved: 3,264 km | unpaved: 16,736 km (2011) | country comparison to the world: 109

Waterways

(there are no long navigable stretches of river in Uganda; parts of the Albert Nile that flow out of Lake Albert in the northwestern part of the country are navigable; several lakes including Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga have substantial traffic; Lake Albert is navigable along a 200-km stretch from its northern tip to its southern shores) (2011)