Tajikistan

Airports

total: 58 useable: 30 with permanent-surface runways: 12 with runways over 3,659 m: 0 with runways 2,440-3,659 m: 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m: 13

Highways

29,900 km total (1990); 21,400 km hard surfaced, 8,500 km earth

Pipelines

natural gas 400 km (1992)

Railroads

480 km; does not include industrial lines (1990)

Telecommunications

poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network; telephone density in urban locations is about 100 per 1000 persons; linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics, and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; satellite earth stations - 1 orbita and 2 INTELSAT (TV receive-only; the second INTELSAT earth station provides TV receive-only service from Turkey)

Branches

Army (being formed), National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)

Defense expenditures

$NA, NA% of GDP

Manpower availability

males age 15-49 1,313,676; fit for military service 1,079,935; reach military age (18) annually 56,862 (1993 est.)

Agriculture

cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, pigs, sheep and goats, yaks

Budget

revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA

Currency

retaining Russian ruble as currency (January 1993)

Economic aid

$700 million offical and commitments by foreign donors (1992)

Electricity

4,585,000 kW capacity; 16,800 million kWh produced, 2,879 kWh per capita (1992)

Exchange rates

rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations

Exports

$100 million to outside successor states of the former USSR (1992) commodities: aluminum, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles partners: Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan

External debt

$650 million (end of 1991 est.)

Fiscal year

calendar year

Illicit drugs

illicit producer of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption; limited government eradication programs; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe

Imports

$100 million from outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992) commodities: chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs partners: NA

Industrial production

growth rate -25% (1992 est.)

Industries

aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

35% per month (first quarter 1993)

National product

GDP $NA

National product per capita

$NA

National product real growth rate

-34% (1992 est.)

Overview

Tajikistan has had the lowest living standards of the CIS republics and now faces the bleakest economic prospects. Agriculture (particularly cotton and fruit growing) is the most important sector, accounting for 38% of employment (1990). Industrial production includes aluminum reduction, hydropower generation, machine tools, refrigerators, and freezers. Throughout 1992 bloody civil disturbances disrupted food imports and several regions became desperately short of basic needs. Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless by the strife. In late 1992, one-third of industry was shut down and the cotton crop was only one-half of that of 1991.

Unemployment rate

0.4% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers

Area

total area: 143,100 km2 land area: 142,700 km2 comparative area: slightly smaller than Wisconsin

Climate

midlatitude; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Environment

NA

International disputes

boundary with China under dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's support to Islamic fighters in Tajikistan's civil war

Irrigated land

6,940 km2 (1990)

Land boundaries

total 3,651 km, Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km

Land use

arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 23% forest and woodland: 0% other: 71%

Location

South Asia, between Uzbekistan and China

Map references

Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States, Standard Time Zones of the World

Maritime claims

none; landlocked

Natural resources

significant hydropower potential, petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten

Note

landlocked

Terrain

Pamir and Altay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kafirnigan and Vakhsh Valleys in south or southwest

Administrative divisions

2 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast') and one autonomous oblast*;, Gorno-Badakhshan*;, note: the rayons around Dushanbe are under direct republic jurisdiction; an oblast usually has the same name as its administrative center (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)

Capital

Dushanbe

Constitution

as of mid-1993, a new constitution had not been formally approved

Digraph

TI

Diplomatic representation in US

chief of mission: NA chancery: NA telephone: NA

Elections

President: last held 27 October 1991 (next to be held NA); results - Rakhman NABIYEV, Communist Party 60%; Davlat KHUDONAZAROV, Democratic Party, Islamic Rebirth Party and Rastokhoz Party 30% Supreme Soviet: last held 25 February 1990 (next to be held NA); results - Communist Party 99%, other 1%; seats - (230 total) Communist Party 227, other 3 note: in May 1992, the Supreme Soviet was replaced by the transitional 80-member Assembly (Majlis) and in November 1992 Emomili RAKHMANOV, chairman of the Assembly, became Chief of State

Executive branch

president, prime minister, cabinet

Flag

NA

Independence

9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Judicial branch

NA

Leaders

Chief of State: Acting President and Assembly Chairman Emomili RAKHMANOV (since NA November 1992) Head of Government: Prime Minister Abdumalik ABULAJANOV (since NA November 1992); First Deputy Prime Minister Tukhtaboy GAFAROV (since NA November 1992)

Legal system

based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch

unicameral Assembly (Majlis)

Member of

CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, NACC, UN, UNCTAD, WHO

Names

conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Respublika i Tojikiston local short form: none former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

National holiday

NA

Other political or pressure groups

Tajik People's Front

Political parties and leaders

Tajik Democratic Party (TDP), Maksud IKRAMOV, Davia KOUDONAZAROV, Shodmon YUSUPOV; Tajik Socialist Party (TSP), Rakhman NABIYEV, Kakhkhor MAKHKAMOV; Islamic Revival Party (IRP), Mullah Mukhamedsharif KHIMATZODA, Daviat USMON

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Type

republic

US diplomatic representation

chief of mission: Ambassador Stanley T. ESCUDERO embassy: (temporary) #39 Ainii Street, Dushanbe mailing address: APO AE 09862 telephone: [7] (3772) 24-82-33

Birth rate

35.52 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Death rate

6.87 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Ethnic divisions

Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6%

Infant mortality rate

63.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)

Labor force

1.938 million by occupation: agriculture and forestry 43%, industry and construction 22%, other 35% (1990)

Languages

Tajik (official)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 68.5 years male: 65.66 years female: 71.48 years (1993 est.)

Literacy

age 9-49 can read and write (1970) total population: 100% male: 100% female: 99%

Nationality

noun: Tajik(s) adjective: Tajik

Net migration rate

-1.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)

Population

5,836,140 (July 1993 est.)

Population growth rate

2.72% (1993 est.)

Religions

Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%

Total fertility rate

4.7 children born/woman (1993 est.)