Sierra Leone

Broadcast media

1 government-owned TV station; 1 private TV station began operating in 2005; a pay-per-view TV service began operations in late 2007; 1 government-owned national radio broadcast station; about two dozen private radio stations primarily clustered in major cities; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code

.sl

Internet hosts

281 (2010) country comparison to the world: 184

Internet users

14,900 (2009) country comparison to the world: 198

Telephone system

general assessment: marginal telephone service with poor infrastructure domestic: the national microwave radio relay trunk system connects Freetown to Bo and Kenema; while mobile-cellular service is growing rapidly from a small base, service area coverage remains limited international: country code - 232; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2008)

Telephones - main lines in use

32,800 (2009) country comparison to the world: 175

Telephones - mobile cellular

1.16 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 143

Agriculture - products

rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish

Central bank discount rate

NA%

Commercial bank prime lending rate

NA% (31 December 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 9 24.5% (31 December 2008 est.)

Current account balance

-$63 million (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 71

Debt - external

$1.61 billion (2003 est.) country comparison to the world: 142

Distribution of family income - Gini index

62.9 (1989) country comparison to the world: 5

Economy - overview

Sierra Leone is an extremely poor nation with tremendous inequality in income distribution. While it possesses substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources, its physical and social infrastructure has yet to recover from the civil war, and serious social disorders continue to hamper economic development. Nearly half of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. Manufacturing consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Alluvial diamond mining remains the major source of hard currency earnings accounting for nearly half of Sierra Leone's exports. The fate of the economy depends upon the maintenance of domestic peace and the continued receipt of substantial aid from abroad, which is essential to offset the severe trade imbalance and supplement government revenues. The IMF has completed a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility program that helped stabilize economic growth and reduce inflation and in 2010 approved a new program worth $45 million over three years. Political stability has led to a revival of economic activity such as the rehabilitation of bauxite and rutile mining, which are set to benefit from planned tax incentives. A number of offshore oil discoveries were announced in 2009 and 2010. The development on these reserves, which could be significant, is still several years away.

Electricity - consumption

74.4 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - production

80 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

Exchange rates

leones (SLL) per US dollar - NA (2007), 2,961.7 (2006), 2,889.6 (2005), 2,701.3 (2004), 2,347.9 (2003)

Exports

$216 million (2006) country comparison to the world: 179

Exports - commodities

diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish

Exports - partners

Belgium 26.56%, US 11.87%, Netherlands 7.91%, UK 7.4%, India 6.67%, Cote d'Ivoire 6.13%, Greece 4.05% (2009)

GDP (official exchange rate)

$1.901 billion (2010 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$4.812 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 161 $4.574 billion (2009 est.) $4.382 billion (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 49% industry: 31% services: 21% (2005 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$900 (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 221 $900 (2009 est.) $900 (2008 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

5.2% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 54 4.4% (2009 est.) 5.5% (2008 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.6% highest 10%: 33.6% (2003)

Imports

$560 million (2006) country comparison to the world: 186

Imports - commodities

foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals

Imports - partners

South Africa 14.61%, China 7.58%, US 5.87%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.65%, India 5.19%, Malaysia 5.19%, France 5.08%, UK 4.48%, Netherlands 4.06% (2009)

Industrial production growth rate

NA%

Industries

diamond mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining, small commercial ship repair

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

11.7% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 205

Labor force

2.207 million (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 115

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 178

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 132

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 131

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 135

Oil - consumption

9,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 153

Oil - exports

502 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 125

Oil - imports

8,316 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Oil - production

29 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 113

Oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 123

Population below poverty line

70.2% (2004)

Stock of broad money

$437 million (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 174 $434.3 million (31 December 2008)

Stock of domestic credit

$178.4 million (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 175 $140.9 million (31 December 2008)

Stock of narrow money

$209.4 million (31 December 2009) country comparison to the world: 173 $219.1 million (31 December 2008)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Area

total: 71,740 sq km country comparison to the world: 118 land: 71,620 sq km water: 120 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than South Carolina

Climate

tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)

Coastline

402 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m

Environment - current issues

rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleted natural resources; overfishing

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.38 cu km/yr (5%/3%/92%) per capita: 69 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates

8 30 N, 11 30 W

Geography - note

rainfall along the coast can reach 495 cm (195 inches) a year, making it one of the wettest places along coastal, western Africa

Irrigated land

300 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 958 km border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km

Land use

arable land: 7.95% permanent crops: 1.05% other: 91% (2005)

Location

Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm

Natural hazards

dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms

Natural resources

diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite

Terrain

coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east

Total renewable water resources

160 cu km (1987)

Administrative divisions

3 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western*

Capital

name: Freetown geographic coordinates: 8 30 N, 13 15 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

1 October 1991; amended several times

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Sierra Leone conventional short form: Sierra Leone local long form: Republic of Sierra Leone local short form: Sierra Leone

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Glenn FEDZER embassy: Southridge-Hill Station, Freetown mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [232] (22) 515 000 or (76) 515 000 FAX: [232] (22) 515 355

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Bockari Kortu STEVENS chancery: 1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 939-9261 through 9263 FAX: [1] (202) 483-1793

Executive branch

chief of state: President Ernest Bai KOROMA (since 17 September 2007); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ernest Bai KOROMA (since 17 September 2007) cabinet: Ministers of State appointed by the president with the approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible to the president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 11 August 2007 and 8 September 2007 (next to be held in 2012) election results: second round results; percent of vote - Ernest Bai KOROMA 54.6%, Solomon BEREWA 45.4%

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and blue; green symbolizes agriculture, mountains, and natural resources, white represents unity and justice, and blue the sea and the natural harbor in Freetown

Government type

constitutional democracy

Independence

27 April 1961 (from the UK)

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court

Legal system

based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

unicameral Parliament (124 seats; 112 members elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 11 August 2007 (next to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 59, SLPP 43, PMDC 10

National anthem

name: "High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free" lyrics/music: Clifford Nelson FYLE/John Joseph AKA note: adopted 1961

National holiday

Independence Day, 27 April (1961)

Political parties and leaders

All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]; Peace and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON]; People's Movement for Democratic Change or PMDC [Charles MARGAI]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Solomon BEREWA]; numerous others

Political pressure groups and leaders

other: student unions; trade unions

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Democracy is slowly being reestablished after the civil war from 1991 to 2002 that resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of more than 2 million people (about one-third of the population). The military, which took over full responsibility for security following the departure of UN peacekeepers at the end of 2005, is increasingly developing as a guarantor of the country's stability. The armed forces remained on the sideline during the 2007 presidential election, but still look to the UN Integrated Office in Sierra Leone (UNIOSIL) - a civilian UN mission - to support efforts to consolidate peace. The new government's priorities include furthering development, creating jobs, and stamping out endemic corruption.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 1,156,724 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 713,190 females age 16-49: 813,830 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 53,349 female: 56,307 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF): Army (includes Maritime Wing and Air Wing) (2010)

Military expenditures

2.3% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 66

Military service age and obligation

17 years 6 months of age for male and female voluntary military service (younger with parental consent); no conscription; candidates must be HIV negative (2009)

Age structure

0-14 years: 41.7% (male 1,060,463/female 1,081,333) 15-64 years: 54.7% (male 1,344,650/female 1,461,203) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 83,595/female 100,894) (2010 est.)

Birth rate

38.79 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 15

Death rate

11.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 31

Education expenditures

3.8% of GDP (2005) country comparison to the world: 114

Ethnic groups

Temne 35%, Mende 31%, Limba 8%, Kono 5%, Kriole 2% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century; also known as Krio), Mandingo 2%, Loko 2%, other 15% (includes refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, and small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians) (2008 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

1.7% (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

HIV/AIDS - deaths

3,300 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 54

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

55,000 (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Infant mortality rate

total: 80.16 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 13 male: 89.06 deaths/1,000 live births female: 70.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)

Languages

English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 55.69 years country comparison to the world: 197 male: 53.27 years female: 58.18 years (2010 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic total population: 35.1% male: 46.9% female: 24.4% (2004 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2009)

Median age

total: 19 years male: 18.6 years female: 19.5 years (2010 est.)

Nationality

noun: Sierra Leonean(s) adjective: Sierra Leonean

Net migration rate

-4.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population country comparison to the world: 198 note: refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly returning (2010 est.)

Population

5,245,695 (July 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 113

Population growth rate

2.216% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 38

Religions

Muslim 60%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs 30%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 7 years male: 9 years female: 6 years (2001)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2010 est.)

Total fertility rate

4.97 children born/woman (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 24

Urbanization

urban population: 38% of total population (2008) rate of urbanization: 2.9% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Disputes - international

as domestic fighting among disparate ethnic groups, rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone gradually abates, the number of refugees in border areas has begun to slowly dwindle; Sierra Leone considers excessive Guinea's definition of the flood plain limits to define the left bank boundary of the Makona and Moa rivers and protests Guinea's continued occupation of these lands including the hamlet of Yenga occupied since 1998

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 27,311 (Liberia) (2007)

Airports

9 (2010) country comparison to the world: 159

Airports - with paved runways

total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 1 (2010)

Heliports

2 (2010)

Merchant marine

total: 189 country comparison to the world: 35 by type: bulk carrier 7, cargo 131, carrier 1, chemical tanker 12, container 3, liquefied gas 3, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 20, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 3, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: 91 (Bangladesh 1, China 12, Cyprus 1, Egypt 2, Estonia 1, Hong Kong 4, Japan 3, Malaysia 1, North Korea 1, Romania 4, Russia 6, Singapore 5, Syria 20, Taiwan 1, Turkey 14, UAE 6, UK 1, Ukraine 5, US 1, Yemen 2) (2010)

Ports and terminals

Freetown, Pepel, Sherbro Islands

Roadways

total: 11,300 km country comparison to the world: 132 paved: 904 km unpaved: 10,396 km (2002)

Waterways

800 km (600 km year round) (2007) country comparison to the world: 73