Portugal

Broadcast media

Radio e Televisao de Portugal (RTP),the publicly-owned TV broadcaster, operates 2 domestic channels and external service channels to Africa; overall, roughly 40 domestic TV stations; viewers have widespread access to international broadcasters with more than half of all households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV systems; publicly owned radio operates 3 national networks and provides regional and external services; several privately owned national radio stations and some 300 regional and local commercial radio stations (2008)

Internet country code

.pt

Internet hosts

3.748 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 28

Internet users

5.168 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 45

Telephone system

general assessment: Portugal's telephone system has a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations international: country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores (2010)

Telephones - main lines in use

4.558 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 35

Telephones - mobile cellular

12.312 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 70

Agriculture - products

grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, dairy products; fish

Budget

revenues: $95.49 billion expenditures: $106.8 billion (2013 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-5.1% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 170

Central bank discount rate

0.75% (31 December 2013) country comparison to the world: 130 1.5% (31 December 2010) note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate

6% (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 128 6.37% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance

$1 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 49 -$3.365 billion (2012 est.)

Debt - external

$508.3 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 26 $482.2 billion (31 December 2011)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

38.5 (2007) country comparison to the world: 71 35.6 (1995)

Economy - overview

Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community - the EU's predecessor - in 1986. Over the following two decades, successive governments privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU members. The economy grew by more than the EU average for much of the 1990s, but the rate of growth slowed in 2001-08. The economy contracted in 2009, and fell again from 2011 to 2013, as the government implemented spending cuts and tax increases to comply with conditions of an EU-IMF financial rescue package, signed in May 2011. Austerity measures also have contributed to record unemployment and a wave of emigration not seen since the 1960s. Booming exports will contribute to growth and employment in 2014, but the need to continue to reduce private- and public-sector debt could weigh on consumption and investment. The government of Pedro PASSOS COELHO has stated its intention to reduce labor market rigidity, and, this, along with steps to trim the budget deficit, could make Portugal more attractive to foreign investors. The government reduced the budget deficit from 10.1% of GDP in 2009 to 5.1% in 2013, lower than the EU-IMF fiscal target of 5.5%. Despite these efforts, public debt has continued to grow and, in 2013, stands among the highest in the EU. As a result, the government may have difficulty regaining full bond market financing when the EU-IMF financing program expires in May 2014.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7634 (2013 est.) 0.7752 (2012 est.) 0.755 (2010 est.) 0.7198 (2009 est.) 0.6827 (2008 est.)

Exports

$61 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 54 $58.29 billion (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities

agricultural products, food products, wine, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, hides, leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, machinery and tools, base metals

Exports - partners

Spain 22.7%, Germany 12.4%, France 11.9%, Angola 6.5%, UK 5.3%, Netherlands 4.2% (2012)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$219.3 billion (2013 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$243.3 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 54 $247.7 billion (2012 est.) $256 billion (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 64.8% government consumption: 18.1% investment in fixed capital: 15.5% investment in inventories: -0.4% exports of goods and services: 42% imports of goods and services: -40% (2013 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 2.6% industry: 22.2% services: 75.2% (2013 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$22,900 (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 64 $23,400 (2012 est.) $24,000 (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

-1.8% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 212 -3.2% (2012 est.) -1.3% (2011 est.)

Gross national saving

15.4% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 108 15% of GDP (2012 est.) 11.3% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.1% highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)

Imports

$59 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 51 $72.35 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities

agricultural products, chemical products, vehicles and other transport material, optical and precision instruments, computer accessories and parts, semi-conductors and related devices, oil products, base metals, food products, textile materials

Imports - partners

Spain 32%, Germany 11.5%, France 6.7%, Italy 5.3%, Netherlands 4.9% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

-1% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 174

Industries

textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper, chemicals, auto parts, base metals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.4% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 14 2.8% (2012 est.)

Labor force

5.395 million (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 70

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 11.7% industry: 28.5% services: 59.8% (2009 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$65.53 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 44 $61.69 billion (31 December 2011) $82 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Population below poverty line

18% (2006)

Public debt

127.8% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 6 123.6% of GDP (2012 est.) note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$22.66 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 55 $21.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$283.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 32 $301.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$71.26 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 32 $71.26 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$121.6 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 38 $117.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$408.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 $433.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$86.57 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 37 $88.92 billion (31 December 2012 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues

43.5% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 25

Unemployment rate

16.8% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 147 15.7% (2012 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

54.17 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 169

Crude oil - imports

222,300 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 31

Crude oil - production

5,250 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 177

Electricity - consumption

50.26 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 47

Electricity - exports

2.873 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 36

Electricity - from fossil fuels

49% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 157

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

21.5% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 87

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 163

Electricity - from other renewable sources

24.1% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

Electricity - imports

10.76 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 20

Electricity - installed generating capacity

18.92 million kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 39

Electricity - production

49.92 billion kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 52

Natural gas - consumption

5.143 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 61

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 166

Natural gas - imports

5.185 billion cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 35

Natural gas - production

4.904 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 52

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 184

Refined petroleum products - consumption

259,700 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 48

Refined petroleum products - exports

61,010 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

Refined petroleum products - imports

84,080 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 55

Refined petroleum products - production

252,200 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Area

total: 92,090 sq km country comparison to the world: 111 land: 91,470 sq km water: 620 sq km note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Indiana

Climate

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Coastline

1,793 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Environment - current issues

soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 8.46 cu km/yr (12%/18%/69%) per capita: 812 cu m/yr (2005)

Geographic coordinates

39 30 N, 8 00 W

Geography - note

Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

Irrigated land

5,837 sq km (2007)

Land boundaries

total: 1,214 km border countries: Spain 1,214 km

Land use

arable land: 11.88% permanent crops: 7.71% other: 80.41% (2011)

Location

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards

Azores subject to severe earthquakes volcanism: limited volcanic activity in the Azores Islands; Fayal or Faial (elev. 1,043 m) last erupted in 1958; most volcanoes have not erupted in centuries; historically active volcanoes include Agua de Pau, Furnas, Pico, Picos Volcanic System, San Jorge, Sete Cidades, and Terceira

Natural resources

fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower

Terrain

mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south

Total renewable water resources

68.7 cu km (2011)

Administrative divisions

18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

Capital

name: Lisbon geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution

several previous; latest adopted 2 April 1976, effective 25 April 1976; amended several times, last in 2005 (2013)

Country name

conventional long form: Portuguese Republic conventional short form: Portugal local long form: Republica Portuguesa local short form: Portugal

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Robert A. SHERMAN (since 12 February 2014) embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon mailing address: Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726 telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300 FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109 consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Nuno Filipe Alves Salvador e BRITO (since 10 February 2011) chancery: 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 350-5400 FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726 consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (NJ), San Francisco consulate(s): New Bedford (MA), Providence (RI)

Executive branch

chief of state: President Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 9 March 2006) head of government: Prime Minister Pedro Manuel PASSOS COELHO Mamede (since 21 June 2011) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 January 2011 (next to be held in January 2016); following legislative elections which must be held by October 2015, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the president election results: Anibal CAVACO SILVA reelected president; percent of vote - Anibal CAVACO SILVA 53%, Manuel ALEGRE 19.8%, Fernando NOBRE 14.1%, Francisco LOPES 7.1%, Manuel COELHO 4.5%, Defensor MOURA 1.6%

Flag description

two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the national coat of arms (armillary sphere and Portuguese shield) centered on the dividing line; explanations for the color meanings are ambiguous, but a popular interpretation has green symbolizing hope and red the blood of those defending the nation

Government type

republic; parliamentary democracy

Independence

1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIT, UNSC (temporary), UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of 12 justices); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court justices nominated by the president and appointed by the Assembly of the Republic; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges - 10 elected by the Assembly and 3 elected by the other Constitutional Court judges; judges elected for 6-year non-renewable terms subordinate courts: Supreme Administrative Court (Supremo Tribunal Administrativo); Audit Court (Tribunal de Contas); appellate, district, and municipal courts

Legal system

civil law system; Constitutional Court review of legislative acts

Legislative branch

unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 5 June 2011 (next to be held by October 2015) election results: percent of vote by party - PPD/PSD 38%, PS 28%, CDS/PP 11%, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 7%, BE 5%, other 11%; seats by party - PPD/PSD 108, PS 74, CDS/PP 24, PCP/PEV (see CDU) 16, BE 8

National anthem

name: "A Portugesa" (The Song of the Portuguese)

National holiday

Portugal Day (Dia de Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died

National symbol(s)

armillary sphere (a spherical astrolabe modeling objects in the sky and representing the Republic)

Political parties and leaders

Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Paulo PORTAS] Social Democratic Party or PPD/PSD [Pedro PASSOS COELHO] Socialist Party or PS [Antonio Jose SEGURO] The Left Bloc or BE [Joao Pedro Furtado da Cunha SEMEDO and Catarina Soares MARTINS Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes Portuguese Communist Party or PCP and Ecologist Party ("The Greens") or PEV)

Political pressure groups and leaders

Armed Forces Officers' Association (AOFA) [Colonel Pereira CRACEL] the Desperate Generation (youth movement protesting against low wages, precarious labor conditions, and unemployment) the General Workers Union or General Confederation of Portuguese Workers (UGT) [Carlos SILVA] Portuguese National Workers' Conference (CGTP) [Armenio CARLOS] TugaLeaks (a website that has become a mouthpiece for publicizing diverse protest action) other: the media; labor unions

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Following its heyday as a global maritime power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil, its wealthiest colony, in 1822. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 2,566,264 females age 16-49: 2,458,297 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 2,103,080 females age 16-49: 2,018,004 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 62,208 female: 54,786 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Portuguese Army (Exercito Portuguesa), Portuguese Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Portuguese Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP) (2013)

Military expenditures

1.29% of GDP (2014) country comparison to the world: 80 1.2% of GDP (2013) 1.78% of GDP (2012)

Military service age and obligation

18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but conscription possible if insufficient volunteers available; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1993, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties; reserve obligation to age 35 (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.9% (male 893,902/female 821,062) 15-24 years: 11.4% (male 654,102/female 579,440) 25-54 years: 42.2% (male 2,304,503/female 2,260,556) 55-64 years: 11.9% (male 599,380/female 685,279) 65 years and over: 18.4% (male 824,062/female 1,191,548) (2014 est.)

Birth rate

9.42 births/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 202

Child labor - children ages 5-14

total number: 36,569 percentage: 3 % note: data represents children ages 6-14 (2001 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

86.8% (2005/06)

Death rate

10.97 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 36

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 50.8 % youth dependency ratio: 22.1 % elderly dependency ratio: 28.7 % potential support ratio: 3.5 (2014 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 99.8% of population rural: 99.9% of population total: 99.8% of population unimproved: urban: 0.2% of population rural: 0.1% of population total: 0.2% of population (2012 est.)

Education expenditures

5.6% of GDP (2010) country comparison to the world: 55

Ethnic groups

homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.6% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 500 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 93

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

42,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Health expenditures

10.4% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 21

Hospital bed density

3.4 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate

total: 4.48 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 188 male: 4.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

Languages

Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 79.01 years country comparison to the world: 49 male: 75.76 years female: 82.47 years (2014 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 95.4% male: 97% female: 94% (2011 est.)

Major urban areas - population

LISBON (capital) 2.843 million; Porto 1.367 million (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 162

Median age

total: 41.1 years male: 39 years female: 43.3 years (2014 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

29.2 (2011 est.)

Nationality

noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) adjective: Portuguese

Net migration rate

2.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 36

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

24% (2008) country comparison to the world: 69

Physicians density

3.76 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population

10,813,834 (July 2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Population growth rate

0.12% (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 184

Religions

Roman Catholic 81%, other Christian 3.3%, other (includes Jewish, Muslim, other) 0.6%, none 6.8%, unspecified 8.3% notes: represents population 15 years of age and older (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 0% of population total: 0% of population (2012 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years male: 16 years female: 17 years (2010)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.52 children born/woman (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 189

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 37.6% country comparison to the world: 17 male: 36.4% female: 39.1% (2012)

Urbanization

urban population: 61.1% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 0.91% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

Illicit drugs

seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Refugees and internally displaced persons

stateless persons: 553 (2012)

Airports

64 (2013) country comparison to the world: 76

Airports - with paved runways

total: 43 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 8 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 21 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 20 (2013)

Merchant marine

total: 109 country comparison to the world: 50 by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 35, carrier 1, chemical tanker 21, container 7, liquefied gas 6, passenger 13, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1, vehicle carrier 9 foreign-owned: 81 (Belgium 8, Colombia 1, Denmark 4, Germany 14, Greece 2, Italy 12, Japan 9, Mexico 1, Norway 2, Spain 18, Sweden 3, Switzerland 3, US 4) registered in other countries: 15 (Cyprus 2, Malta 3, Panama 10) (2010)

Pipelines

gas 1,344 km; oil 11 km; refined products 188 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines

Railways

total: 3,319 km country comparison to the world: 53 broad gauge: 2,700 km 1.668-m gauge (1,436 km electrified) narrow gauge: 192 km 1.000-m gauge; 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2008)

Roadways

total: 82,900 km country comparison to the world: 57 paved: 71,294 km (includes 2,613 km of expressways) unpaved: 11,606 km (2008)

Waterways

210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2011) country comparison to the world: 96