Nigeria

Broadcast media

nearly 70 federal-government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal-government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state-government-owned radio stations typically carry their own programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available (2007)

Internet country code

.ng

Internet hosts

1,234 (2012) country comparison to the world: 169

Internet users

43.989 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 9

Telephone system

general assessment: further expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a problem domestic: the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth but subscribership remains only about 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership base approaching 60 per 100 persons international: country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)

Telephones - main lines in use

719,400 (2011) country comparison to the world: 89

Telephones - mobile cellular

95.167 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 12

Agriculture - products

cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber; fish

Budget

revenues: $23.48 billion expenditures: $31.61 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-3% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 106

Central bank discount rate

4.25% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 59 6% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

16% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 34 16.02% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

$6.158 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 30 $8.686 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$10.1 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 93 $9.64 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

43.7 (2003) country comparison to the world: 48 50.6 (1997)

Economy - overview

Oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by political instability, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor macroeconomic management, but in 2008 began pursuing economic reforms. Nigeria's former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from its overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides 95% of foreign exchange earnings and about 80% of budgetary revenues. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on economic reforms. Nigeria pulled out of its IMF program in April 2002, after failing to meet spending and exchange rate targets, making it ineligible for additional debt forgiveness from the Paris Club. In November 2005, Abuja won Paris Club approval for a debt-relief deal that eliminated $18 billion of debt in exchange for $12 billion in payments - a total package worth $30 billion of Nigeria's total $37 billion external debt. Since 2008 the government has begun to show the political will to implement the market-oriented reforms urged by the IMF, such as modernizing the banking system, removing subsidies, and resolving regional disputes over the distribution of earnings from the oil industry. GDP rose strongly in 2007-11 because of growth in non-oil sectors and robust global crude oil prices. President JONATHAN has established an economic team that includes experienced and reputable members and has announced plans to increase transparency, diversify economic growth, and improve fiscal management. Lack of infrastructure and slow implementation of reforms are key impediments to growth. The government is working toward developing stronger public-private partnerships for roads, agriculture, and power. Nigeria's financial sector was hurt by the global financial and economic crises, but the Central Bank governor has taken measures to restructure and strengthen the sector to include imposing mandatory higher minimum capital requirements.

Exchange rates

nairas (NGN) per US dollar - 157.3 (2012 est.) 154.7 (2011 est.) 150.3 (2010 est.) 148.9 (2009) 117.8 (2008)

Exports

$97.46 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 41 $92.47 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber

Exports - partners

US 29.1%, India 11.6%, Brazil 7.8%, Spain 7.1%, France 5%, Netherlands 4.3% (2011)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$272.6 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$450.5 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 $420.8 billion (2011 est.) $391.9 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 30.9% industry: 43% services: 26% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$2,700 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 176 $2,600 (2011 est.) $2,500 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

7.1% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 25 7.4% (2011 est.) 8% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 38.2% (2010 est.)

Imports

$70.58 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 43 $61.63 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food and live animals

Imports - partners

China 17.3%, US 9.1%, India 5%, Netherlands 4.9%, South Korea 4.7% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate

2.5% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 113

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

12.1% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 203 10.8% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

18.8% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 113

Labor force

53.83 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 70% industry: 10% services: 20% (1999 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$39.27 billion (31 December 2011) country comparison to the world: 52 $50.88 billion (31 December 2010) $33.32 billion (31 December 2009)

Population below poverty line

70% (2010 est.)

Public debt

18.8% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 128 17.8% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$42.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 43 $35.21 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$80.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 58 $74.08 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$11.23 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 51 $10.34 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$85.73 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 43 $78.22 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$95.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 53 $89.37 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$40.66 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 51 $38.87 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

8.6% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 211

Unemployment rate

23.9% (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 169 4.9% (2011 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

80.51 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 45

Crude oil - exports

2.051 million bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 107

Crude oil - production

2.525 million bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 13

Crude oil - proved reserves

38.5 billion bbl (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

Electricity - consumption

17.66 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 71

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Electricity - from fossil fuels

67.1% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 118

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

32.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 151

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 115

Electricity - installed generating capacity

5.898 million kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Electricity - production

18.82 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 74

Natural gas - consumption

4.97 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 60

Natural gas - exports

24.02 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 14

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Natural gas - production

29 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 29

Natural gas - proved reserves

5.11 trillion cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 10

Refined petroleum products - consumption

271,600 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 47

Refined petroleum products - exports

15,470 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Refined petroleum products - imports

133,400 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 43

Refined petroleum products - production

102,100 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 74

Area

total: 923,768 sq km country comparison to the world: 32 land: 910,768 sq km water: 13,000 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly more than twice the size of California

Climate

varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north

Coastline

853 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m

Environment - current issues

soil degradation; rapid deforestation; urban air and water pollution; desertification; oil pollution - water, air, and soil; has suffered serious damage from oil spills; loss of arable land; rapid urbanization

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 8.01 cu km/yr (21%/10%/69%) per capita: 61 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates

10 00 N, 8 00 E

Geography - note

the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea

Irrigated land

2,930 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 4,047 km border countries: Benin 773 km, Cameroon 1,690 km, Chad 87 km, Niger 1,497 km

Land use

arable land: 33.02% permanent crops: 3.14% other: 63.84% (2005)

Location

Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation

Natural hazards

periodic droughts; flooding

Natural resources

natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land

Terrain

southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north

Total renewable water resources

286.2 cu km (2003)

Administrative divisions

36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara

Capital

name: Abuja geographic coordinates: 9 05 N, 7 32 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999

Country name

conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria conventional short form: Nigeria

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Terence P. MCCULLEY embassy: 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja mailing address: P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000 FAX: [234] (9) 461-4036

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Adebowale Ibidapo ADEFUYE chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400 FAX: [1] (202) 775-1385 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York

Executive branch

chief of state: President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; JONATHAN assumed the presidency on 5 May 2010 following the death of President YAR'ADUA; JONATHAN was declared Acting President on 9 February 2010 by the National Assembly during the extended illness of the former president head of government: President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010, acting since 9 February 2010); Vice President Mohammed Namadi SAMBO (since 19 May 2010) cabinet: Federal Executive Council (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 16 April 2011 (next to be held in April 2015) election results: Goodluck JONATHAN elected president; percent of vote - Goodluck JONATHAN 58.9%, Muhammadu BUHARI 32.0%, Nuhu RIBADU 5.4%, Ibrahim SHEKARAU 2.4%, other 1.3%

Flag description

three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity

Government type

federal republic

Independence

1 October 1960 (from the UK)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (judges recommended by the National Judicial Council and appointed by the president); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the federal government from a pool of judges recommended by the National Judicial Council)

Legal system

mixed legal system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law

Legislative branch

bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 seats, 3 from each state plus 1 from Abuja; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015); House of Representatives - last held on 9 and 26 April 2011 (next to be held in 2015) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 73, ACN 17, ANPP 7, CPC 6, LP 4, other 2; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDP 205, ACN 69, CPC 36, ANPP 28, LP 9, APGA 6, ACC 5, other 2; note - due to logistical problems elections in a number of constituencies were held on 26 April 2011

National anthem

name: "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey" lyrics/music: John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE note: adopted 1978; the lyrics are a mixture of five of the top entries in a national contest

National holiday

Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)

National symbol(s)

eagle

Political parties and leaders

Accord Party [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]; Action Congress of Nigeria or ACN [Adebisi Bamidele AKANDE]; All Nigeria Peoples Party or ANPP [Ogbonnaya C. ONU]; All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]; Congress for Progressive Change or CPC [Tony MOMOH]; Democratic Peoples Party or DPP [Jeremiah USENI]; Labor Party [Umar MUSTAPHA]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Bamanga TUKUR]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU; Campaign for Democracy or CD; Civil Liberties Organization or CLO; Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR; Constitutional Right Project or CRP; Human Right Africa; National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL; National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS; Nigerian Bar Association or NBA; Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC; Nigerian Medical Association or NMA; the press; Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. A series of constitutions after World War II granted Nigeria greater autonomy; independence came in 1960. Following nearly 16 years of military rule, a new constitution was adopted in 1999, and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. The government continues to face the daunting task of reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through corruption and mismanagement, and institutionalizing democracy. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. Although both the 2003 and 2007 presidential elections were marred by significant irregularities and violence, Nigeria is currently experiencing its longest period of civilian rule since independence. The general elections of April 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 37,087,711 females age 16-49: 35,232,127 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 20,839,976 females age 16-49: 19,867,683 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 1,767,428 female: 1,687,719 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Nigerian Armed Forces (Forces Armees Nigeriennes, FAN): Army, Nigerien Air Force (Force Aerienne du Niger) (2008)

Military expenditures

1.5% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 96

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service (2007)

Age structure

0-14 years: 43.9% (male 38,232,053/ female 36,483,243) 15-64 years: 53.1% (male 44,862,457/ female 45,484,314) 65 years and over: 3% (male 2,325,682/ female 2,735,991) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

39.23 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 13

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

26.7% (2008) country comparison to the world: 24

Death rate

13.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

3.6% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

HIV/AIDS - deaths

220,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 2

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

3.3 million (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 2

Health expenditures

5.8% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 117

Hospital bed density

0.53 beds/1,000 population (2004)

Infant mortality rate

total: 74.36 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 15 male: 79.44 deaths/1,000 live births female: 68.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages

English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 52.05 years country comparison to the world: 212 male: 48.95 years female: 55.33 years (2012 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 61.3% male: 72.1% female: 50.4% (2010 est.)

Major cities - population

Lagos 10.203 million; Kano 3.304 million; Ibadan 2.762 million; ABUJA (capital) 1.857 million; Kaduna 1.519 million (2009)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria and yellow fever respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: one of the most highly endemic areas for Lassa fever water contact disease: leptospirosis and shistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

630 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 10

Median age

total: 17.9 years male: 17.5 years female: 18.4 years (2012 est.)

Nationality

noun: Nigerian(s) adjective: Nigerian

Net migration rate

-0.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 124

Physicians density

0.395 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Population

170,123,740 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 7 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate

2.553% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 28

Religions

Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 36% of population rural: 28% of population total: 32% of population unimproved: urban: 67% of population rural: 72% of population total: 68% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 9 years male: 10 years female: 8 years (2005)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.38 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 14

Urbanization

urban population: 50% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately cedes sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phase-out of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries; location of Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint is unresolved

Illicit drugs

a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; consumer of amphetamines; safe haven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity; Nigeria has improved some anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in June 2006; Nigeria's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 5,299 (Liberia) (2011) IDPs: undetermined (communal violence between Christians and Muslims, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; competition for resources; displacement is mostly short-term) (2012)

Airports

53 (2012) country comparison to the world: 88

Airports - with paved runways

total: 40 over 3,047 m: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 12 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 6 under 914 m: 3 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 13 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 2 (2012)

Heliports

5 (2012)

Merchant marine

total: 89 country comparison to the world: 54 by type: cargo 2, chemical tanker 28, liquefied gas 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 56, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 3 (India 1, UK 2) registered in other countries: 33 (Bahamas 2, Bermuda 11, Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, North Korea 1, Panama 6, Seychelles 1, unknown 6) (2010)

Pipelines

condensate 26 km; gas 2,756 km; liquid petroleum gas 97 km; oil 3,441 km; refined products 4,090 km (2010)

Ports and terminals

Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos

Railways

total: 3,505 km country comparison to the world: 49 narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)

Roadways

total: 193,200 km country comparison to the world: 25 paved: 28,980 km unpaved: 164,220 km (2004)

Transportation - note

the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea as high risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; in 2010, 19 commercial vessels were boarded or attacked with most occurring in the vicinity of the port of Lagos; crews were robbed and stores or cargoes stolen

Waterways

8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks) (2011) country comparison to the world: 15