Niger

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

1 (2000)

Internet country code

.ne

Internet users

3,000 (2000)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 5, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998)

Radios

680,000 (1997)

Telephone system

general assessment: small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger domestic: wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)

Telephones - main lines in use

16,000 (1997)

Telephones - mobile cellular

13,000 (1995)

Television broadcast stations

10 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)

Televisions

125,000 (1997)

Agriculture - products

cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry

Budget

revenues: $377 million, including $146 million from foreign sources expenditures: $377 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1999 est.)

Currency

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States

Currency code

XOF

Debt - external

$1.3 billion (1999 est.)

Economic aid - recipient

$341 million (1997) note: the IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative

Economy - overview

Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, because of declining world demand. The 50% devaluation of the West African franc in January 1994 boosted exports of livestock, cowpeas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid - which was suspended following the April 1999 coup d'etat - for operating expenses and public investment. In 2000, the World Bank approved a structural adjustment loan of $35 million to help support fiscal reforms. However, reforms could prove difficult given the government's bleak financial situation.

Electricity - consumption

401 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports

215 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production

200 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)

Exchange rates

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro

Exports

$385 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Exports - commodities

uranium ore 65%, livestock products, cowpeas, onions (1998 est.)

Exports - partners

France 45%, Nigeria 27%, UK 11% (1999)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP

purchasing power parity - $10 billion (2000 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 40% industry: 18% services: 42% (1998)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

3.5% (2000 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 0.8% highest 10%: 35.4% (1995)

Imports

$317 million (f.o.b., 1999)

Imports - commodities

consumer goods, primary materials, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals

Imports - partners

France 22%, Cote d'Ivoire 15%, Nigeria 8%, US 3% (1999)

Industrial production growth rate

NA%

Industries

uranium mining, cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2.8% (2000 est.)

Labor force

70,000 receive regular wages or salaries

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%

Population below poverty line

63% (1993 est.)

Unemployment rate

NA%

Area

total: 1.267 million sq km land: 1,266,700 sq km water: 300 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Climate

desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Niger River 200 m highest point: Mont Greboun 1,944 m

Environment - current issues

overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea

Geographic coordinates

16 00 N, 8 00 E

Geography - note

landlocked

Irrigated land

660 sq km (1993 est.)

Land boundaries

total: 5,697 km border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km

Land use

arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 7% forests and woodland: 2% other: 88% (1993 est.)

Location

Western Africa, southeast of Algeria

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

recurring droughts

Natural resources

uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum

Terrain

predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north

Administrative divisions

7 departments (departements, singular - departement), and 1 capital district* (capitale district); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder

Capital

Niamey

Constitution

the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Niger conventional short form: Niger local long form: Republique du Niger local short form: Niger

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Charles O. CECIL embassy: Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey mailing address: B. P. 11201, Niamey telephone: [227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph DIATTA chancery: 2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227

Executive branch

chief of state: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president note: President Ibrahim BARE was assassinated on 9 April 1999; subsequent elections were held under the nine-month provisional government of Major Daouda Mallam WANKE cabinet: 23-member cabinet appointed by President TANDJA elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: Mamadou TANDJA elected president; percent of vote - Mamadou TANDJA 59.9%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 40.1%

FAX

[227] 73 31 67

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band

Government type

republic

Independence

3 August 1958 (from France)

International organization participation

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch

State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel

Legal system

based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

unicameral National Assembly (83 seats, members elected by popular vote for five-year terms) elections: last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD-Nassara 38, CDS-Rahama 17, PNDS-Tarayya 16, RDP-Jama'a 8, ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya 4

National holiday

Republic Day, 18 December (1958)

Political parties and leaders

Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Not until 1993, 33 years after independence from France, did Niger hold its first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule in December 1999.

Military branches

Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Police

Military expenditures - dollar figure

$20 million (FY96)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

1.1% (FY96)

Military manpower - availability

males age 15-49: 2,202,608 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service

males age 15-49: 1,190,787 (2001 est.)

Military manpower - military age

18 years of age

Military manpower - reaching military age annually

males: 108,993 (2001 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 47.97% (male 2,528,484; female 2,439,051) 15-64 years: 49.75% (male 2,518,400; female 2,633,677) 65 years and over: 2.28% (male 123,589; female 111,955) (2001 est.)

Birth rate

50.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Death rate

22.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Ethnic groups

Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

1.35% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

6,500 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

64,000 (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate

123.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

Languages

French (official), Hausa, Djerma

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 41.59 years male: 41.74 years female: 41.44 years (2001 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 13.6% male: 20.9% female: 6.6% (1995 est.)

Nationality

noun: Nigerien(s) adjective: Nigerien

Net migration rate

-0.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

Population

10,355,156 (July 2001 est.)

Population growth rate

2.72% (2001 est.)

Religions

Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christians

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.1 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

Total fertility rate

7.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)

Disputes - international

Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger; delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria

Airports

27 (2000 est.)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 18 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 2 (2000 est.)

Highways

total: 10,100 km paved: 798 km unpaved: 9,302 km (1996)

Ports and harbors

none

Railways

0 km

Waterways

300 km note: the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March