Madagascar

Broadcast media

state-owned Radio Nationale Malagasy (RNM) and Television Malagasy (TVM) have an extensive national network reach; privately owned radio and TV broadcasters in cities and major towns; state-run radio dominates in rural areas; relays of 2 international broadcasters are available in Antananarivo (2007)

Internet country code

.mg

Internet hosts

38,392 (2012) country comparison to the world: 102

Internet users

319,900 (2009) country comparison to the world: 127

Telephone system

general assessment: system is above average for the region; Antananarivo's main telephone exchange modernized in the late 1990s, but the rest of the analogue-based telephone system is poorly developed domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity about 40 per 100 persons international: country code - 261; landing point for the EASSy, SEACOM, and LION fiber-optic submarine cable systems; satellite earth stations - 2 (1 Intelsat - Indian Ocean, 1 Intersputnik - Atlantic Ocean region) (2010)

Telephones - main lines in use

143,700 (2012) country comparison to the world: 138

Telephones - mobile cellular

8.564 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 89

Agriculture - products

coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (manioc, tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products

Budget

revenues: $2.113 billion expenditures: $2.356 billion (2013 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-2.3% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 95

Central bank discount rate

5% (31 December 2010 est.) NA% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

44% (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 1 56.25% (31 December 2012 est.)

Current account balance

-$1.945 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 141 -$1.989 billion (2012 est.)

Debt - external

$3.361 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 131 $3.116 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

47.5 (2001) country comparison to the world: 26 38.1 (1999)

Economy - overview

After discarding socialist economic policies in the mid-1990s, Madagascar followed a World Bank- and IMF-led policy of privatization and liberalization that has been undermined since the start of the political crisis. This strategy placed the country on a slow and steady growth path from an extremely low level. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for more than one-fourth of GDP and employing 80% of the population. Exports of apparel boomed in recent years primarily due to duty-free access to the US; however, Madagascar's failure to comply with the requirements of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) led to the termination of the country's duty-free access in January 2010 and a sharp fall in textile production. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel, are serious concerns. The current political crisis, which began in early 2009, has dealt additional blows to the economy. Tourism dropped more than 50% in 2009 compared with the previous year, and many investors are wary of entering the uncertain investment environment. Growth was slow during 2010 to 2013 although expansion in mining and agricultural sectors is expected to contribute to more growth in 2014. International organizations and foreign donors are expected to resume development aid to Madagascar once RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA appoints a new government.

Exchange rates

Malagasy ariary (MGA) per US dollar - 2,227.8 (2013 est.) 2,195 (2012 est.) 2,090 (2010 est.) 1,956.2 (2009) 1,654.78 (2008)

Exports

$644.4 million (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 169 $592.1 million (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities

coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, cotton cloth, clothing, chromite, petroleum products

Exports - partners

France 23.4%, China 6.6%, US 6.6%, Singapore 5.9%, Canada 5.5%, Germany 5.4%, Indonesia 5.3%, India 5.2%, South Africa 4.5% (2012)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$10.53 billion (2013 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$22.03 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 129 $21.47 billion (2012 est.) $21.06 billion (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 84% government consumption: 12.7% investment in fixed capital: 14% investment in inventories: 0% exports of goods and services: 24.7% imports of goods and services: -35.3% (2013 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 27.3% industry: 16.4% services: 56.3% (2013 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$1,000 (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 220 $1,000 (2012 est.) $1,000 (2011 est.) note: data are in 2013 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

2.6% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 126 1.9% (2012 est.) 1.8% (2011 est.)

Gross national saving

-3.7% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 153 -5.8% of GDP (2012 est.) -7.2% of GDP (2011 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.2% highest 10%: 34.7% (2010 est.)

Imports

$2.794 billion (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 151 $2.755 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities

capital goods, petroleum, consumer goods, food

Imports - partners

China 17.7%, France 12.4%, South Africa 5.3%, India 5.1%, Mauritius 5%, Bahrain 4.7%, Kuwait 4.6% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

4% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 73

Industries

meat processing, seafood, soap, beer, leather, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

8.8% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 202 6.4% (2012 est.)

Labor force

9.504 million (2007) country comparison to the world: 50

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

50% (2004 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$1.249 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 131 $1.191 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of broad money

$3.163 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 143 $2.357 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$NA

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$NA

Stock of domestic credit

$1.663 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 137 $1.245 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$1.839 billion (31 December 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 128 $1.492 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

20.1% of GDP (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 165

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

1.843 million Mt (2011 est.)

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 146

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 85

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 158

Electricity - consumption

1.126 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 149

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 161

Electricity - from fossil fuels

65.6% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 119

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

34.4% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 65

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 130

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 196

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 167

Electricity - installed generating capacity

430,000 kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 144

Electricity - production

1.211 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 166

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 139

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 90

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 158

Natural gas - proved reserves

2.01 billion cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 99

Refined petroleum products - consumption

17,480 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 136

Refined petroleum products - exports

365 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 115

Refined petroleum products - imports

12,120 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 127

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 167

Area

total: 587,041 sq km country comparison to the world: 47 land: 581,540 sq km water: 5,501 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of Arizona

Climate

tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south

Coastline

4,828 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Maromokotro 2,876 m

Environment - current issues

soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several endangered species of flora and fauna unique to the island

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 16.5 cu km/yr (2%/1%/97%) per capita: 1,010 cu m/yr (2005)

Geographic coordinates

20 00 S, 47 00 E

Geography - note

world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel

Irrigated land

10,860 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

0 km

Land use

arable land: 5.96% permanent crops: 1.02% other: 93.02% (2011)

Location

Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m isobath

Natural hazards

periodic cyclones; drought; and locust infestation volcanism: Madagascar's volcanoes have not erupted in historical times

Natural resources

graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, rare earth elements, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower

Terrain

narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center

Total renewable water resources

337 cu km (2011)

Administrative divisions

Hi Trent,6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara

Capital

name: Antananarivo geographic coordinates: 18 55 S, 47 31 E time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution

previous 1992; latest passed by referendum 17 November 2010, promulgated 11 December 2010 (2012)

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar conventional short form: Madagascar local long form: Republique de Madagascar/Repoblikan'i Madagasikara local short form: Madagascar/Madagasikara former: Malagasy Republic

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Eric WONG note - also accredited to Comoros embassy: Lot 207A, Point Liberty, Andranoro, Antehiroka, 105 Antananarivo mailing address: B. P. 620, Antsahavola, Antananarivo telephone: [261] (23) 480 00/01 FAX: [261] (23) 480 35

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Velotiana Rakotoanosy RAOBELINA (since 20 June 1011) chancery: 2374 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-5525 through 5526 FAX: [1] (202) 265-3034 consulate(s) general: New York

Executive branch

chief of state: President Hery Martial RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA Rakotoarimana (since 25 January 2014) head of government: Prime Minister Roger Laurent Christophe KOLO, M.D. (since 11 April 2014) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president election results: Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA 53.5%, Jean Louis ROBINSON 46.5% note: on 17 March 2009, democratically elected President Marc RAVALOMANANA stepped down handing the government over to the military, which in turn conferred the presidency on opposition leader and Antananarivo mayor Andry RAJOELINA; a power-sharing agreement established a 15-month transition period to conclude with a general election in 2010, which failed to occur; a subsequent agreement aimed for an early 2013 election - the first round was held on 25 October 2013 and the second on 20 December 2013

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side; by tradition, red stands for sovereignty, green for hope, white for purity

Government type

republic

Independence

26 June 1960 (from France)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 11 members; addresses judicial administration issues only); High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle (consists of 9 members) note - the judiciary includes a High Court of Justice responsible for adjudicating crimes and misdemeanors by government officials including the president judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court heads elected by the president and judiciary officials to serve single-renewable, 3-year terms; High Constitutional Court members appointed - 3 each by the president, by both legislative bodies, and by the Council of Magistrates; members serve single, 6-year terms subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; provincial and city tribunals

Legal system

civil law system based on the old French civil code and customary law in matters of marriage, family, and obligation

Legislative branch

bicameral legislature consists of a Senate or Senat (33 seats; 22 elected from each of the 22 regions; the remaining 11 appointed by the president; members to serve six-year terms) and a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (151 seats in the December 2013 election; reduced from 160 seats to 127 seats by an April 2007 national referendum - never used; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held on 20 December 2013 (next to be held in 2017); note - a power-sharing agreement in the summer of 2009 established a 15-month transition, concluding in general elections scheduled for late 2013 after repeated delays election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - Party of Andry Rajoelina 17.3%, Ravalomannana Movement 10.8%, Vondrona Politika 8.2%, independents and others 63.7%; seats by party - Party of Andry Rajoelina 49, the Ravalomannana Movement 20, Malagasy Miara Mianinga 13, independents 25, seats with delayed elections 4, other 40

National anthem

name: "Ry Tanindraza nay malala o" (Oh, Our Beloved Fatherland)

National holiday

Independence Day, 26 June (1960)

Political parties and leaders

AVANA Party [Jean-Louis ROBINSON] Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Manasse ESOAVELOMANDROSO] Green Party or Parti Vert [Sarah Georget RABEHARISOA] I Love Madagascar or TIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA] Judged by Your Work or AVI [Norbert RATSIRAHONANA] Malagasy Miara-Miainga or MMM [Hajo ANDRIANAINARIVELO] Malagasy Tonga Saina or MTS [Roland RATSIRAKA] Movement for Democracy in Madagascar or MDM [Pierrot RAJAONARIVELO] New Force for Madagascar of FIDIO [Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA] Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON] Socialist and Democratic Party for the Unity of Madagascar or PSDUM [Jean LAHINIRIKO] Union Party or Tambatra [Pety RAKOTONIAINA] Young Malagasies Determined or TGV [Andry RAJOELINA]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy] National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar became a French colony in 1896 but regained independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free presidential and National Assembly elections were held ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier RATSIRAKA and Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced RAVALOMANANA the winner. RAVALOMANANA achieved a second term following a landslide victory in the generally free and fair presidential elections of 2006. In early 2009, protests over increasing restrictions on opposition press and activities resulted in RAVALOMANANA handing over power to the military, which then conferred the presidency on the mayor of Antananarivo, Andry RAJOELINA, in what amounted to a coup d'etat. Following a lengthy mediation process led by the Southern African Development Community (SADC), Madagascar held UN-supported presidential and parliamentary elections in 2013. Former de facto finance minister Hery RAJAONARIMAMPIANINA defeated RAVALOMANANA's favored candidate Jean-Louis ROBINSON in a presidential runoff and was inaugurated in January 2014. Most international observers, while noting some irregularities, declared polls to be a credible reflection of the Malagasy public's will.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 4,900,729 females age 16-49: 4,909,061 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 3,390,071 females age 16-49: 3,682,180 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 248,184 female: 246,769 (2010 est.)

Military branches

People's Armed Forces: Intervention Force, Development Force, and Aeronaval Force (navy and air); National Gendarmerie

Military expenditures

0.69% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 119 0.73% of GDP (2011) 0.69% of GDP (2010)

Military service age and obligation

18-25 years of age for male-only voluntary military service; no conscription; service obligation is 18 months for military or equivalent civil service; 20-30 years of age for National Gendarmerie recruits and 35 years of age for those with military experience (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 40.7% (male 4,765,523/female 4,685,298) 15-24 years: 20.6% (male 2,394,146/female 2,384,564) 25-54 years: 31.3% (male 3,635,506/female 3,629,204) 55-64 years: 4.2% (male 466,263/female 503,375) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 334,533/female 403,514) (2014 est.)

Birth rate

33.12 births/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 33

Child labor - children ages 5-14

total number: 1,827,423 percentage: 28 % note: data represents children ages 5-17 (2007 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

36.8% (2004) country comparison to the world: 6

Contraceptive prevalence rate

39.9% (2008/09)

Death rate

6.95 deaths/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 135

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 81.4 % youth dependency ratio: 76.3 % elderly dependency ratio: 5.1 % potential support ratio: 19.6 (2014 est.)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 78.2% of population rural: 35.4% of population total: 49.6% of population unimproved: urban: 21.8% of population rural: 64.6% of population total: 50.4% of population (2012 est.)

Education expenditures

2.7% of GDP (2012) country comparison to the world: 150

Ethnic groups

Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers (mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry - Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian, Creole, Comoran

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 73

HIV/AIDS - deaths

6,200 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 32

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

58,800 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

Health expenditures

4.1% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 161

Hospital bed density

0.2 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate

total: 44.88 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 48 male: 48.86 deaths/1,000 live births female: 40.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

Languages

French (official), Malagasy (official), English

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 65.2 years country comparison to the world: 174 male: 63.77 years female: 66.67 years (2014 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 64.5% male: 67.4% female: 61.6% (2009 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever water contact disease: schistosomiasis animal contact disease: rabies (2013)

Major urban areas - population

ANTANANARIVO (capital) 1.987 million (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

240 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 48

Median age

total: 19.2 years male: 19 years female: 19.4 years (2014 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

19.5 note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2008-09 est.)

Nationality

noun: Malagasy (singular and plural) adjective: Malagasy

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 87

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

1.6% (2008) country comparison to the world: 187

Physicians density

0.16 physicians/1,000 population (2007)

Population

23,201,926 (July 2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 53

Population growth rate

2.62% (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 25

Religions

indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 19.2% of population rural: 11.3% of population total: 13.9% of population unimproved: urban: 80.8% of population rural: 88.7% of population total: 86.1% of population (2012 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years male: 11 years female: 10 years (2012)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate

4.28 children born/woman (2014 est.) country comparison to the world: 33

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 2.3% country comparison to the world: 145 male: 1.7% female: 2.8% (2005)

Urbanization

urban population: 32.6% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 4.73% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, and Juan de Nova Island (all administered by France); the vegetated drying cays of Banc du Geyser, which were claimed by Madagascar in 1976, also fall within the EEZ claims of the Comoros and France (Glorioso Islands, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands)

Illicit drugs

illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin

Trafficking in persons

current situation: Madagascar is a source country for men, women, and children subjected to forced labor and women and children subjected to sex trafficking; poor Malagasy women hired as domestic workers in Lebanon and Kuwait are vulnerable to abuse by recruitment agencies and employers; an increasing number of Malagasy men were victimized by labor trafficking abroad in 2012; Malagasy children are subjected to domestic servitude, prostitution, forced begging, and forced labor within the country, often with the complicity of family members; coastal cities have child sex tourism trades, with Malagasy men being the main clients tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Madagascar does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; law enforcement authorities have made a significant increase in efforts in 2012, resulting in 30 trafficking-related prosecutions and two convictions; public officials complicity in human trafficking, however, remains a significant problem; the government has failed to identify and refer victims to protective services and has not supported NGO-run care facilities; the government also has not engaged any Middle Eastern governments regarding the protection of and legal remedies for Malagasy workers exploited abroad (2013)

Airports

83 (2013) country comparison to the world: 66

Airports - with paved runways

total: 26 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 16 under 914 m: 1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 57 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 38 under 914 m: 18 (2013)

Merchant marine

total: 1 country comparison to the world: 156 by type: cargo 1 registered in other countries: 1 (unknown 1) (2010)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Antsiranana (Diego Suarez), Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (Tulear)

Railways

total: 854 km country comparison to the world: 97 narrow gauge: 854 km 1.000-m gauge (2008)

Roadways

total: 34,476 km country comparison to the world: 92 paved: 5,613 km unpaved: 2,886 km (2010)

Waterways

600 km (432 km navigable) (2011) country comparison to the world: 80