Honduras

Broadcast media

multiple privately-owned terrestrial TV networks, supplemented by multiple cable TV networks; Radio Honduras is the lone government-owned radio network; roughly 300 privately-owned radio stations (2007)

Internet country code

.hn

Internet hosts

30,955 (2012) country comparison to the world: 107

Internet users

731,700 (2009) country comparison to the world: 108

Telephone system

general assessment: fixed-line connections are increasing but still limited; competition among multiple providers of mobile-cellular services is contributing to a sharp increase in subscribership domestic: beginning in 2003, private sub-operators allowed to provide fixed-lines in order to expand telephone coverage contributing to a small increase in fixed-line teledensity; mobile-cellular subscribership is roughly 100 per 100 persons international: country code - 504; landing point for both the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) and the MAYA-1 fiber optic submarine cable system that together provide connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System

Telephones - main lines in use

609,200 (2011) country comparison to the world: 91

Telephones - mobile cellular

8.062 million (2011) country comparison to the world: 88

Agriculture - products

bananas, coffee, citrus, corn, African palm; beef; timber; shrimp, tilapia, lobster

Budget

revenues: $3.339 billion expenditures: $4.044 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-3.9% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Central bank discount rate

6.25% (31 December 2010 est.) NA% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

17.8% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 18.56% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

-$1.661 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 132 -$1.503 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$4.884 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 118 $4.564 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

57.7 (2007) country comparison to the world: 9 53.8 (2003)

Economy - overview

Honduras, the second poorest country in Central America, suffers from extraordinarily unequal distribution of income, as well as high underemployment. While historically dependent on the export of bananas and coffee, Honduras has diversified its export base to include apparel and automobile wire harnessing. Nearly half of Honduras's economic activity is directly tied to the US, with exports to the US accounting for 30% of GDP and remittances for another 20%. The US-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) came into force in 2006 and has helped foster foreign direct investment, but physical and political insecurity, as well as crime and perceptions of corruption, may deter potential investors; about 70% of FDI is from US firms. The economy registered sluggish economic growth in 2010, insufficient to improve living standards for the nearly 65% of the population in poverty. The LOBO administration inherited a difficult fiscal position with off-budget debts accrued in previous administrations and government salaries nearly equivalent to tax collections. His government has displayed a commitment to improving tax collection and cutting expenditures, and attracting foreign investment. This enabled Tegucigalpa to secure an IMF Precautionary Stand-By agreement in October 2010. The IMF agreement has helped renew multilateral and bilateral donor confidence in Honduras following the ZELAYA administration's economic mismanagement and the 2009 coup.

Exchange rates

lempiras (HNL) per US dollar - 19.51 (2012 est.) 18.895 (2011 est.) 18.9 (2010 est.) 18.9 (2009) 18.983 (2008)

Exports

$6.946 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 103 $7.204 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

apparel, coffee, shrimp, automobile wire harnesses, cigars, bananas, gold, palm oil, fruit, lobster, lumber

Exports - partners

US 33.1%, Germany 10.9%, El Salvador 7.3%, Belgium 6.5%, Guatemala 6.2% (2011)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$18.18 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$37.67 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 106 $36.28 billion (2011 est.) $35.01 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 12.8% industry: 26.7% services: 60.5% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$4,600 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 161 $4,500 (2011 est.) $4,400 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

3.8% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 91 3.6% (2011 est.) 2.8% (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 0.4% highest 10%: 42.4% (2009 est.)

Imports

$10.66 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 92 $10.34 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs

Imports - partners

US 46%, Guatemala 8.8%, Mexico 5.7%, El Salvador 5.4%, China 4.1%, Costa Rica 4% (2011)

Industrial production growth rate

2.4% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 116

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

5.1% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 141 6.8% (2011 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

26.6% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Labor force

3.44 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 39.2% industry: 20.9% services: 39.8% (2005 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$NA

Population below poverty line

60% (2010 est.)

Public debt

34.5% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 103 32.9% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$3.15 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 107 $2.785 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$9.112 billion (31 December 2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 111 $8.127 billion (31 December 2010 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$9.403 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 100 $8.383 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$2.476 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 121 $2.182 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

18.4% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 171

Unemployment rate

4.5% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 45 4.9% (2011 est.) note: about one-third of the people are underemployed

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

8.288 million Mt (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 106

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 199

Crude oil - production

0 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 147

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 146

Electricity - consumption

4.8 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 115

Electricity - exports

46 million kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Electricity - from fossil fuels

63.9% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 133

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

30.8% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 106

Electricity - from other renewable sources

5.4% of total installed capacity (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 32

Electricity - imports

100,000 kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Electricity - installed generating capacity

1.697 million kW (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Electricity - production

6.326 billion kWh (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 156

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 86

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 208

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 144

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 150

Refined petroleum products - consumption

58,150 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 97

Refined petroleum products - exports

8,419 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 90

Refined petroleum products - imports

54,100 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 67

Refined petroleum products - production

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 159

Area

total: 112,090 sq km country comparison to the world: 103 land: 111,890 sq km water: 200 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly larger than Tennessee

Climate

subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains

Coastline

Caribbean Sea 669 km; Gulf of Fonseca 163 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m

Environment - current issues

urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water), as well as several rivers and streams, with heavy metals

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.86 cu km/yr (8%/12%/80%) per capita: 119 cu m/yr (2000)

Geographic coordinates

15 00 N, 86 30 W

Geography - note

has only a short Pacific coast but a long Caribbean shoreline, including the virtually uninhabited eastern Mosquito Coast

Irrigated land

800 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 1,520 km border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km

Land use

arable land: 9.53% permanent crops: 3.21% other: 87.26% (2005)

Location

Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the Gulf of Fonseca (North Pacific Ocean), between El Salvador and Nicaragua

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: natural extension of territory or to 200 nm

Natural hazards

frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast

Natural resources

timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower

Terrain

mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains

Total renewable water resources

95.9 cu km (2000)

Administrative divisions

18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro

Capital

name: Tegucigalpa geographic coordinates: 14 06 N, 87 13 W time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: none scheduled for 2012

Constitution

11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended many times

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Honduras conventional short form: Honduras local long form: Republica de Honduras local short form: Honduras

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Lisa J. KUBISKE embassy: Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No. 3453, Tegucigalpa mailing address: American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa telephone: [504] 236-9320, 238-5114 FAX: [504] 238-4357

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Jorge Ramon HERNANDEZ Alcerro chancery: Suite 4-M, 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 966-2604 FAX: [1] (202) 966-9751 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Phoenix, San Francisco honorary consulate(s): Jacksonville

Executive branch

chief of state: President Porfirio LOBO Sosa (since 27 January 2010); Vice President Maria Antonieta GUILLEN de Bogran (since 27 January 2010); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Porfirio LOBO Sosa (since 27 January 2010); Vice President Maria Antonieta GUILLEN de Bogran (since 27 January 2010) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2013) election results: Porfirio "Pepe" LOBO Sosa elected president; percent of vote - Porfirio "Pepe" LOBO Sosa 56.3%, Elvin SANTOS Lozano 38.1%, other 5.6%

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue, with five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; the blue bands symbolize the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea; the white band represents the land between the two bodies of water and the peace and prosperity of its people note: similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band

Government type

democratic constitutional republic

Independence

15 September 1821 (from Spain)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

BCIE, CACM, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC (suspended), IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (suspended), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO (suspended), WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (15 judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)

Legal system

civil law system

Legislative branch

unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members elected proportionally by department to serve four-year terms) elections: last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in November 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PNH 71, PL 45, PDC 5, PUD 4, PINU 3

National anthem

name: "Himno Nacional de Honduras" (National Anthem of Honduras) lyrics/music: Augusto Constancio COELLO/Carlos HARTLING note: adopted 1915; the anthem's seven verses chronicle Honduran history; on official occasions, only the chorus and last verse are sung

National holiday

Independence Day, 15 September (1821)

National symbol(s)

scarlet macaw; white-tailed deer

Political parties and leaders

Anti-Corruption Party or PAC [Salvador NASRALLA]; Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Felicito AVILA Ordonez]; Broad Political Electoral Front in Resistance or FAPER [Andres PAVON]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Cesar HAM]; Freedom and Refounding Party or LIBRE [Jose Manuel ZELAYA Rosales]; Liberal Party or PL [Bill SANTOS Brito]; National Party or PN [Ricardo ALVAREZ]; Social Democratic Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Jorge Rafael AGUILAR Paredes]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Beverage and Related Industries Syndicate or STIBYS; Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH; United Farm Workers' Movement of the Aguan (MUCA)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Background

Once part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and a half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting leftist guerrillas. The country was devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which killed about 5,600 people and caused approximately $2 billion in damage. Since then, the economy has slowly rebounded.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 2,045,914 females age 16-49: 1,991,418 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 1,525,578 females age 16-49: 1,539,688 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 95,895 female: 92,087 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Honduran Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Honduras, FFAA): Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry), Honduran Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Hondurena, FAH) (2012)

Military expenditures

0.6% of GDP (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 157

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary 2 to 3 year military service (2004)

Age structure

0-14 years: 36.1% (male 1,530,083/ female 1,466,029) 15-64 years: 60% (male 2,502,878/ female 2,479,133) 65 years and over: 3.8% (male 140,775/ female 177,795) (2012 est.)

Birth rate

24.66 births/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

8.6% (2006) country comparison to the world: 70

Death rate

5.05 deaths/1,000 population (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 181

Demographic profile

Honduras is one of the poorest countries in Latin America and has the world's highest murder rate. More than half of the population lives in poverty and per capita income is one of the lowest in the region. Poverty rates are higher among rural and indigenous people and in the south, west, and along the eastern border than in the north and central areas where most of Honduras' industries and infrastructure are concentrated. The increased productivity needed to break Honduras' persistent high poverty rate depends, in part, on further improvements in educational attainment. Although primary-school enrollment is near 100%, educational quality is poor, the drop-out rate and grade repetition remain high, and teacher and school accountability is low. Honduras' population growth rate has slowed since the 1990s, but it remains high at nearly 2% annually because the birth rate averages approximately three children per woman and more among rural, indigenous, and poor women. Consequently, Honduras' young adult population - ages 15 to 29 - is projected to continue growing rapidly for the next three decades and then stabilize or slowly shrink. Population growth and limited job prospects outside of agriculture will continue to drive emigration. Remittances represent about a fifth of GDP.

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.8% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 57

HIV/AIDS - deaths

2,500 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 51

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

39,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 62

Health expenditures

7.3% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 70

Hospital bed density

0.8 beds/1,000 population (2009)

Infant mortality rate

total: 19.85 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 96 male: 22.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.)

Languages

Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 70.71 years country comparison to the world: 146 male: 69.03 years female: 72.47 years (2012 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 80% male: 79.8% female: 80.2% (2001 census)

Major cities - population

TEGUCIGALPA (capital) 1 million (2009)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

100 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 72

Median age

total: 21.3 years male: 21 years female: 21.7 years (2012 est.)

Nationality

noun: Honduran(s) adjective: Honduran

Net migration rate

-1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 156

Physicians density

0.57 physicians/1,000 population (2000)

Population

8,296,693 (July 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 93 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected

Population growth rate

1.838% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 67

Religions

Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant 3%

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 80% of population rural: 62% of population total: 71% of population unimproved: urban: 20% of population rural: 38% of population total: 29% of population

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 11 years male: 11 years female: 12 years (2008)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Total fertility rate

3.01 children born/woman (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 7% country comparison to the world: 117 male: 5.2% female: 11.2% (2005)

Urbanization

urban population: 52% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 3.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras border in 1992 with final settlement by the parties in 2006 after an Organization of American States survey and a further ICJ ruling in 2003; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not mentioned in the ICJ ruling, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca; Honduras claims the Belizean-administered Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize in its constitution, but agreed to a joint ecological park around the cays should Guatemala consent to a maritime corridor in the Caribbean under the OAS-sponsored 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some money-laundering activity

Airports

104 (2012) country comparison to the world: 53

Airports - with paved runways

total: 13 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2012)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 91 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 17 under 914 m: 73 (2012)

Merchant marine

total: 88 country comparison to the world: 55 by type: bulk carrier 5, cargo 39, carrier 2, chemical tanker 5, container 1, passenger 4, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 21, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 3 foreign-owned: 47 (Bahrain 5, Canada 1, Chile 1, China 2, Egypt 2, Greece 4, Israel 1, Japan 4, Lebanon 2, Montenegro 1, Panama 1, Singapore 11, South Korea 6, Taiwan 1, Thailand 2, UAE 1, UK 1, US 1) (2010)

Ports and terminals

La Ceiba, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela

Railways

total: 75 km country comparison to the world: 128 narrow gauge: 75 km 1.067-m gauge (2009)

Roadways

total: 14,239 km country comparison to the world: 123 paved: 3,159 km unpaved: 11,080 km (1,420 km summer only) (2009)

Waterways

465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2012) country comparison to the world: 85