Guernsey

Broadcast media

multiple UK terrestrial TV broadcasts are received via a transmitter in Jersey with relays in Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney; satellite packages are available; BBC Radio Guernsey and 1 other radio station operating

Internet country code

.gg

Internet users

total: 55,050 | percent of population: 83.3% (July 2016 est.)

Telecommunication systems

general assessment: high performance global connections with quality service; connections to major cities around the world to rival and attract future investment and future needs of islanders and businesses (2018) | domestic: fixed-line 60 per 100 and mobile-cellular 113 per 100 persons (2019) | international: country code - 44; landing points for Guernsey-Jersey, HUGO, INGRID, Channel Islands -9 Liberty and UK-Channel Islands-7 submarine cable to UK and France (2019) | note: the COVID-19 outbreak is negatively impacting telecommunications production and supply chains globally; consumer spending on telecom devices and services has also slowed due to the pandemic's effect on economies worldwide; overall progress towards improvements in all facets of the telecom industry - mobile, fixed-line, broadband, submarine cable and satellite - has moderated

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 36,547 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 60 (July 2016 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 71,249 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 113 (July 2016 est.)

Agriculture - products

tomatoes, greenhouse flowers, sweet peppers, eggplant, fruit; Guernsey cattle

Budget

revenues: 563.6 million (2005) | expenditures: 530.9 million (2005 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

1.2% (of GDP) (2005)

Debt - external

NA

Economic overview

Financial services accounted for about 21% of employment and about 32% of total income in 2016 in this tiny, prosperous Channel Island economy. Construction, manufacturing, and horticulture, mainly tomatoes and cut flowers, have been declining. Financial services, professional services, tourism, retail, and the public sector have been growing. Light tax and death duties make Guernsey a popular offshore financial center.

Exchange rates

Guernsey pound per US dollar | 0.7836 (2017 est.) | 0.738 (2016 est.) | 0.738 (2015) | 0.6542 (2014) | 0.607 (2013)

Exports

NA

Exports - commodities

tomatoes, flowers and ferns, sweet peppers, eggplant, other vegetables

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$2.742 billion (2005 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity) - real

$3.465 billion (2015 est.) | $3.451 billion (2014 est.) | $3.42 billion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 dollars

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 3% (2000) | industry: 10% (2000) | services: 87% (2000)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$52,500 (2014 est.)

GDP real growth rate

0.4% (2015 est.) | 1.2% (2014 est.) | 4.2% (2012 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA | highest 10%: NA

Imports

NA

Imports - commodities

coal, gasoline, oil, machinery, and equipment

Industrial production growth rate

NA

Industries

tourism, banking

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3.4% (June 2006 est.)

Labor force

31,470 (March 2006)

Population below poverty line

NA

Taxes and other revenues

20.6% (of GDP) (2005)

Unemployment rate

1.2% (2016 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2020)

Area

total: 78 sq km | land: 78 sq km | water: 0 sq km | note: includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands

Area - comparative

about one-half the size of Washington, DC

Climate

temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast

Coastline

50 km

Elevation

lowest point: English Channel 0 m | highest point: Le Moulin on Sark 114 m

Environment - current issues

coastal erosion, coastal flooding; declining biodiversity due to land abandonment and succession to scrub or woodland

Geographic coordinates

49 28 N, 2 35 W

Geography - note

large, deepwater harbor at Saint Peter Port

Irrigated land

NA

Land boundaries

0 km

Location

Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 3 nm | exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm

Natural hazards

very large tidal variation and fast currents can make local waters dangerous

Natural resources

cropland

Terrain

mostly flat with low hills in southwest

Administrative divisions

none (British Crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 10 parishes: Castel, Forest, Saint Andrew, Saint Martin, Saint Peter Port, Saint Pierre du Bois, Saint Sampson, Saint Saviour, Torteval, Vale | note: two additional parishes for Guernsey are sometimes listed - Saint Anne on the island of Alderney and Saint Peter on the island of Sark - but they are generally not included in the enumeration of parishes

Capital

name: Saint Peter Port | geographic coordinates: 49 27 N, 2 32 W | time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October | etymology: Saint Peter Port is the name of the town and its surrounding parish; the "port" distinguishes this parish from that of Saint Peter on the other side of the island

Citizenship

see United Kingdom

Constitution

history: unwritten; includes royal charters, statutes, and common law and practice | amendments: new laws or changes to existing laws are initiated by the States of Deliberation; passage requires majority vote

Country name

conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey | conventional short form: Guernsey | former: Norman Isles | etymology: the name is of Old Norse origin, but the meaning of the root "Guern(s)" is uncertain; the "-ey" ending means "island"

Dependency status

British crown dependency

Diplomatic representation from the US

none (British crown dependency)

Diplomatic representation in the US

none (British crown dependency)

Executive branch

chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant-Governor Vice Admiral Ian CORDER (since 14 March 2016) | head of government: Chief Minister Gavin ST PIER (since 6 May 2016); Bailiff Sir Richard COLLAS (since 23 March 2012); note - the chief minister is the president of the Policy and Resources Committee and is the de facto head of government; the Policy and Resources Committee, elected by the States of Deliberation, functions as the executive; the 5 members all have equal voting rights | cabinet: none | elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch; chief minister, who is the president of the Policy and Resources Committee indirectly elected by the States of Deliberation for a 4-year term; last held on 6 May 2016 (next to be held in June 2020) | election results: Gavin ST PIER (independent) elected president of the Policy and Resources Committee and chief minister

Flag description

white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extending to the edges of the flag and a yellow equal-armed cross of William the Conqueror superimposed on the Saint George cross; the red cross represents the old ties with England and the fact that Guernsey is a British Crown dependency; the gold cross is a replica of the one used by Duke William of Normandy at the Battle of Hastings in 1066

Government type

parliamentary democracy (States of Deliberation)

Independence

none (British Crown dependency)

International organization participation

UPU

Judicial branch

highest courts: Guernsey Court of Appeal (consists of the Bailiff of Guernsey, who is the ex-officio president of the Guernsey Court of Appeal, and at least 12 judges); Royal Court (organized into 3 divisions - Full Court sits with 1 judge and 7 to 12 jurats acting as judges of fact, Ordinary Court sits with 1 judge and normally 3 jurats, and Matrimonial Causes Division sits with 1 judge and 4 jurats); note - appeals beyond Guernsey courts are heard by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) | judge selection and term of office: Royal Court Bailiff, Deputy Bailiff, and Court of Appeal justices appointed by the British Crown and hold office at Her Majesty's pleasure; jurats elected by the States of Election, a body chaired by the Bailiff and a number of jurats | subordinate courts: Court of Alderney; Court of the Seneschal of Sark; Magistrates' Court (includes Juvenile Court); Contracts Court; Ecclesiastical Court; Court of Chief Pleas

Legal system

customary legal system based on Norman customary law; includes elements of the French civil code and English common law

Legislative branch

description: unicameral States of Deliberation (40 seats; 38 People's Deputies and 2 representatives of the States of Alderney; members directly elected by majority vote to serve 4-year terms); note - non-voting members include the bailiff (presiding officer), attorney-general, and solicitor-general | elections: last held on 27 April 2016 (next to be held in June 2020) | election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 38; composition - men 27, women 13, percent of women 32.5%

National anthem

name: "Sarnia Cherie" (Guernsey Dear) | lyrics/music: George DEIGHTON/Domencio SANTANGELO | note: adopted 1911; serves as a local anthem; as a British crown dependency, "God Save the Queen" is official (see United Kingdom)

National holiday

Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)

National symbol(s)

Guernsey cow, donkey; national colors: red, white, yellow

Political parties and leaders

none; all independents

Suffrage

16 years of age; universal

Background

Guernsey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy, which held sway in both France and England. The islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II. The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a self-governing British Crown dependency that is not part of the United Kingdom. However, the UK Government is constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation. The Bailiwick of Guernsey consists of the main island of Guernsey and a number of smaller islands including Alderney, Sark, Herm, Jethou, Brecqhou, and Lihou.

Military - note

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Age structure

0-14 years: 14.5% (male 5,008/female 4,712) | 15-24 years: 10.58% (male 3,616/female 3,476) | 25-54 years: 40.73% (male 13,821/female 13,492) | 55-64 years: 13.96% (male 4,635/female 4,728) | 65 years and over: 20.23% (male 6,229/female 7,335) (2020 est.) | population pyramid: The World Factbook Field Image Modal × Europe :: Guernsey Print Image Description This is the population pyramid for Guernsey. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Birth rate

9.8 births/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Death rate

9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 49 | youth dependency ratio: 22.3 | elderly dependency ratio: 26.7 | potential support ratio: 3.7 (2020 est.) | note: data represent the Guernsey and Jersey

Drinking water source

improved: total: 94.2% of population | unimproved: total: 5.9% of population (2017 est.) | note : includes data for Jersey

Education expenditures

NA

Ethnic groups

Guernsey 52%, UK and Ireland 23.7%, Portugal 2.1%, Latvia 1.5%, other 6.7%, unspecified 14.1% | note: data represent population by country of birth; the native population is of British and Norman-French descent

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Infant mortality rate

total: 3.3 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 3.6 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 3 deaths/1,000 live births (2020 est.)

Languages

English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 82.8 years | male: 80.1 years | female: 85.7 years (2020 est.)

Major urban areas - population

16,000 SAINT PETER PORT (capital) (2018)

Median age

total: 44.3 years | male: 43 years | female: 45.6 years (2020 est.)

Nationality

noun: Channel Islander(s) | adjective: Channel Islander

Net migration rate

1.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Population

67,052 (July 2020 est.)

Population growth rate

0.26% (2020 est.)

Religions

Protestant (Anglican, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist), Roman Catholic

Sanitation facility access

improved: total: 98% of population | unimproved: total: 1.2% of population (2017 est.) | note: data represent Guernsey and Jersey

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female | total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.57 children born/woman (2020 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 31% of total population (2020) | rate of urbanization: 0.46% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.) | note: data represent Guernsey and Jersey | total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030: PDF

Disputes - international

none

Airports

2 (2013)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 2 (2019) | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 | under 914 m: 1

National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 1 (registered in UK) (2020) | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 9 (registered in UK)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Braye Bay, Saint Peter Port

Roadways

total: 260 km (2017)