Ghana

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

12 (2000)

Internet country code

.gh

Internet users

200,000 (2002)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001)

Radios

12.5 million (2001)

Telephone system

general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors

Telephones - main lines in use

240,000 (2001)

Telephones - mobile cellular

150,000 (2001)

Television broadcast stations

10 (2001)

Televisions

1.9 million (2001)

Agriculture - products

cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber

Budget

revenues: $1.603 billion expenditures: $1.975 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)

Currency

cedi (GHC)

Currency code

GHC

Debt - external

$5.96 billion (2001 est.)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

40 (1998)

Economic aid - recipient

$6.9 billion (1999) (1999)

Economy - overview

Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 36% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Excessively expansionary monetary and fiscal policy prior to the 2000 elections led to accelerating inflation in early 2001. A depressed cocoa market and continued weak growth in non-traditional exports led to disappointing growth in 2001. The late 2002 crisis in Cote d'Ivoire has boosted cocoa prices markedly. It remains to be seen if this portends a long-term shift in the cocoa market. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002.

Electricity - consumption

5.484 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports

422 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports

400 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - production

5.92 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source

fossil fuel: 30% hydro: 70% other: 0% (2000) nuclear: 0%

Exchange rates

cedis per US dollar - 7,195 (January 2002), 7,170.76 (2001), 5,455.06 (2000), 2,669.30 (1999), 2,314.15 (1998), 2,050.17 (1997)

Exports

$1.94 billion f.o.b. (2000)

Exports - commodities

gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds

Exports - partners

Togo, UK, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, US, France (1998)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP

purchasing power parity - $39.4 billion (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 36% industry: 25% services: 39% (2000 est.)

GDP - per capita

purchasing power parity - $1,980 (2001 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

3% (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 30% (1998)

Imports

$2.83 billion f.o.b. (2000)

Imports - commodities

capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs

Imports - partners

UK, Nigeria, US, Germany, Italy, Spain (1998)

Industrial production growth rate

3.8% (2000 est.)

Industries

mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

25% (2001 est.)

Labor force

9 million (2000 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)

Population below poverty line

31% (1992 est.)

Unemployment rate

20% (1997 est.)

Area

total: 239,460 sq km land: 230,940 sq km water: 8,520 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Oregon

Climate

tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north

Coastline

539 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m

Environment - current issues

recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation

Geographic coordinates

8 00 N, 2 00 W

Geography - note

Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake

Irrigated land

110 sq km (1998 est.)

Land boundaries

total: 2,094 km border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km

Land use

arable land: 15.82% permanent crops: 7.47% other: 76.71% (1998 est.)

Location

Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

contiguous zone: 24 NM territorial sea: 12 NM continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

Natural hazards

dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts

Natural resources

gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower

Terrain

mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area

Administrative divisions

10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western

Capital

Accra

Constitution

new constitution approved 28 April 1992

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Ghana conventional short form: Ghana former: Gold Coast

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES embassy: 6th and 10th Lanes, 798/1 Osu, Accra mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348 FAX: [233] (21) 701-813

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. KYEREMATEN consulate(s) general: New York FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527 telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520 chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008

Executive branch

chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 and 28 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004) election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 56.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.6%

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band

Government type

constitutional democracy

Independence

6 March 1957 (from UK)

International organization participation

ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OAU, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court

Legal system

based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Legislative branch

unicameral Parliament (200 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 7 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 100, NDC 92, PNC 3, CPP 1, independents 4

National holiday

Independence Day, 6 March (1957)

Political parties and leaders

Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]

Political pressure groups and leaders

NA

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election.

Military branches

Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police Force

Military expenditures - dollar figure

$35.2 million (FY01)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

0.7% (FY01)

Military manpower - availability

males age 15-49: 5,045,355 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service

males age 15-49: 2,799,292 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - military age

18 years of age (2002 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually

males: 213,237 (2002 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 40.4% (male 4,116,600; female 4,063,654) 15-64 years: 56.1% (male 5,625,397; female 5,723,786) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 338,352; female 376,365) (2002 est.)

Birth rate

28.08 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Death rate

10.31 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

Ethnic groups

black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

3.6% (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

33,000 (1999 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

340,000 (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate

55.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

Languages

English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 57.06 years female: 58.51 years (2002 est.) male: 55.66 years

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write male: 75.9% female: 53.5% (1995 est.) total population: 64.5%

Nationality

noun: Ghanaian(s) adjective: Ghanaian

Net migration rate

-0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

People - note

there are 9,500 Liberians, 2,000 Sierra Leoneans, and 1,000 Togolese refugees residing in Ghana (2002)

Population

20,244,154 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)

Population growth rate

1.7% (2002 est.)

Religions

indigenous beliefs 21%, Muslim 16%, Christian 63%

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

Total fertility rate

3.69 children born/woman (2002 est.)

Disputes - international

none

Illicit drugs

illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and corruption have made money laundering a problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Airports

12 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2002)

Highways

total: 38,940 km paved: 9,346 km (including 30 km of expressways) unpaved: 29,594 km (2001)

Merchant marine

total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 16,450 GRT/22,097 DWT ships by type: petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 5 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Brazil 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Spain 1 (2002 est.)

Pipelines

0 km

Ports and harbors

Takoradi, Tema

Railways

total: 953 km narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge; undergoing major rehabilitation (2001 est.)

Waterways

1,293 km note: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways