Equatorial Guinea

Broadcast media

state maintains control of broadcast media with domestic broadcast media limited to 1 state-owned TV station, 1 state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the president's eldest son; satellite TV service is available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are accessible (2007)

Internet country code

.gq

Internet hosts

7 (2012) country comparison to the world: 227

Internet users

14,400 (2009) country comparison to the world: 200

Telephone system

general assessment: digital fixed-line network in most major urban areas and good mobile coverage domestic: fixed-line density is about 2 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing and in 2011 stood at about 60 percent of the population international: country code - 240; international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2011)

Telephones - main lines in use

14,900 (2012) country comparison to the world: 195

Telephones - mobile cellular

501,000 (2012) country comparison to the world: 169

Agriculture - products

coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, cassava (manioc), bananas, palm oil nuts; livestock; timber

Budget

revenues: $6.429 billion expenditures: $6.585 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-0.9% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

Central bank discount rate

8.5% (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 87 4.25% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate

15% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 47 15% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

$-2.945 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 150 $-1.57 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$1.858 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 143 $1.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Economy - overview

The discovery and exploitation of large oil and gas reserves have contributed to dramatic economic growth, but fluctuating oil prices have produced huge swings in GDP growth in recent years. The economy is still dominated by hydrocarbon production. The government has solicited foreign investment, particularly from the United States, to diversify the economy. Undeveloped natural resources include gold, zinc, diamonds, columbite-tantalite, and other base metals. Forestry and farming are also minor components of GDP. Subsistence farming is the dominant form of livelihood. Although pre-independence Equatorial Guinea counted on cocoa production for hard currency earnings, the neglect of the rural economy under successive regimes has diminished potential for agriculture-led growth. The government has stated its intention to reinvest some oil revenue into agriculture. A number of aid programs sponsored by the World Bank and the IMF have been cut off since 1993 because of corruption and mismanagement. The government has been widely criticized for its lack of transparency and misuse of oil revenues. The government has made efforts to address this issue working towards compliance with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative in 2010. The economy recovered from the global recession in 2011-12 stimulated by higher oil prices and large investments in public infrastructure and hotels.

Exchange rates

Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar - 510.53 (2012 est.) 471.87 (2011 est.) 495.28 (2010 est.) 472.19 (2009) 447.81 (2008)

Exports

$14.86 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 79 $14.31 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

petroleum products, timber

Exports - partners

Japan 18.8%, France 16.1%, China 11.7%, US 11.3%, Netherlands 7.2%, Spain 7.1%, Italy 5.1% (2012)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$17.45 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$19.7 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 132 $18.71 billion (2011 est.) $17.89 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 27.4% government consumption: 3.7% investment in fixed capital: 42% investment in inventories: 1% exports of goods and services: 83.7% imports of goods and services: -57.9% (2012 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 4.6% industry: 87.6% services: 7.8% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$26,500 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 58 $25,900 (2011 est.) $25,400 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2010 US dollars; population figures are uncertain for Equatorial Guinea; these per capita income figures are based on a estimated population of less than 700,000; some estimates put the figure as high as 1.2 million people; if true, the per capita GDP figures would be significantly lower

GDP - real growth rate

5.3% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 56 4.6% (2011 est.) -2.6% (2010 est.)

Gross national saving

26.4% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 40 32% of GDP (2011 est.) 41.9% of GDP (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports

$8.045 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 107 $6.972 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

petroleum sector equipment, other equipment, construction materials, vehicles

Imports - partners

Spain 18.4%, China 17.4%, US 11.1%, France 8%, Italy 5.9%, Cote dIvoire 5.3%, Brazil 4.4% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

2.1% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 101

Industries

petroleum, natural gas, sawmilling

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

6.1% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 162 7% (2011 est.)

Labor force

195,200 (2007) country comparison to the world: 172

Population below poverty line

NA%

Public debt

9.3% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 143 8.8% of GDP (2011 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$4.397 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 96 $3.054 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$3.115 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 143 $2.166 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$-631.4 million (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 183 $-570.8 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$3.023 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 116 $1.936 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Taxes and other revenues

36.8% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

Unemployment rate

22.3% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 166

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

5.232 million Mt (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 123

Crude oil - exports

319,100 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 24

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 180

Crude oil - production

318,000 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 34

Crude oil - proved reserves

1.1 billion bbl (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 42

Electricity - consumption

90.21 million kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 199

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Electricity - from fossil fuels

97.4% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 61

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

2.6% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 132

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 81

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 172

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 182

Electricity - installed generating capacity

38,000 kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

Electricity - production

97 million kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 199

Natural gas - consumption

1.58 billion cu m (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Natural gas - exports

5.26 billion cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 35

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 187

Natural gas - production

6.88 billion cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 48

Natural gas - proved reserves

36.81 billion cu m (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 68

Refined petroleum products - consumption

1,588 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 194

Refined petroleum products - exports

2,320 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 101

Refined petroleum products - imports

4,561 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 160

Refined petroleum products - production

3,074 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 109

Area

total: 28,051 sq km country comparison to the world: 146 land: 28,051 sq km water: 0 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Maryland

Climate

tropical; always hot, humid

Coastline

296 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico Basile 3,008 m

Environment - current issues

tap water is not potable; deforestation

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.02 cu km/yr (80%/15%/5%) per capita: 31.41 cu m/yr (2005)

Geographic coordinates

2 00 N, 10 00 E

Geography - note

insular and continental regions widely separated

Irrigated land

NA

Land boundaries

total: 539 km border countries: Cameroon 189 km, Gabon 350 km

Land use

arable land: 4.63% permanent crops: 2.5% other: 92.87% (2011)

Location

Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards

violent windstorms; flash floods volcanism: Santa Isabel (elev. 3,007 m), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel, along with two dormant volcanoes, form Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea

Natural resources

petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay

Terrain

coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic

Total renewable water resources

26 cu km (2011)

Administrative divisions

7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas

Capital

name: Malabo geographic coordinates: 3 45 N, 8 47 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

approved by referendum 17 November 1991; amended several times, last in 2012 (2012)

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial/Republique de Guinee equatoriale local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial/Guinee equatoriale former: Spanish Guinea

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Mark L. ASQUINO (since 29 June 2012) embassy: K-3, Carretera de Aeropuerto, Al lado de Restaurante El Paraiso, Malabo mailing address: B.P. 817, Yaounde, Cameroon; US Embassy Yaounde, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520 telephone: [240] 333 09 88 95

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Ruben Maye Nsue MANGUE (since 10 September 2013) chancery: 2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 518-5700 FAX: [1] (202) 518-5252 consul general(s): Houston

Executive branch

chief of state: President Brig. Gen. (Ret.) Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (since 3 August 1979 when he seized power in a military coup) head of government: Prime Minister Vicente Ehate TOMI (since 22 May 2012) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (two term limits); election last held on 29 November 2009 (next to be held in 2015); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president; note - according to the constitutional referendum on November 2011, elections are to be held in 2015 and the presidency is limited to two terms election results: Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo 95.8%, Placido Mico ABOGO 3.6%, other 0.6%

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red, with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice); green symbolizes the jungle and natural resources, blue represents the sea that connects the mainland to the islands, white stands for peace, and red recalls the fight for independence

Government type

republic

Independence

12 October 1968 (from Spain)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP (associate), FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice and NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president subordinate courts: Court of Guarantees; military courts; Courts of Appeal; first instance tribunals; district and county tribunals

Legal system

mixed system of civil and customary law

Legislative branch

bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (70 seats; 55 seats directly elected and 15 appointed by the president) and the House of People's Representatives or Camara de Representantes del Pueblo (100 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 26 May 2013 (next to be held in 2018) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 54, CPDS 1; House of People's Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PDGE 99, CPDS 1 note: note - Parliament has little power since the constitution vests all executive authority in the president; the constitutional referendum of 2011 established a bicameral legislature formed following the May 2013 elections; the newly formed Senate consists of elected and appointed (by the President) members

National anthem

name: "Caminemos pisando la senda" (Let Us Tread the Path) lyrics/music: Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO/Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO or Ramiro Sanchez LOPEZ (disputed) note: adopted 1968

National holiday

Independence Day, 12 October (1968)

National symbol(s)

silk cotton tree

Political parties and leaders

Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Placido MICO Abogo] Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo] (ruling party) Electoral Coalition or EC Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO] Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Avelino MOCACHE] Popular Union or UP [Daniel MARTINEZ Ayecaba]

Political pressure groups and leaders

ASODEGUE (Madrid-based pressure group for democratic reform) EG Justice (US-based anti-corruption group)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Equatorial Guinea gained independence in 1968 after 190 years of Spanish rule. This tiny country, composed of a mainland portion plus five inhabited islands, is one of the smallest on the African continent. President Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO has ruled the country since 1979 when he seized power in a coup. Although nominally a constitutional democracy since 1991, the 1996, 2002, and 2009 presidential elections - as well as the 1999, 2004, and 2008 legislative elections - were widely seen as flawed. The president exerts almost total control over the political system and has discouraged political opposition. Equatorial Guinea has experienced rapid economic growth due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves, and in the last decade has become Sub-Saharan Africa's third largest oil exporter. Despite the country's economic windfall from oil production, resulting in a massive increase in government revenue in recent years, improvements in the population's living standards have been slow to develop.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 151,147 females age 16-49: 150,345 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 113,277 females age 16-49: 115,320 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 7,398 female: 7,126 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Equatorial Guinea Armed Forces (FAGE): Equatorial Guinea National Guard (Guardia Nacional de Guinea Ecuatoria, GNGE (Army), with Coast Guard (Navy) and Air Wing) (2013)

Military expenditures

0.1% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 171

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for selective compulsory military service, although conscription is rare in practice; 18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service; 2-year service obligation; women hold only administrative positions in the Coast Guard (2013)

Age structure

0-14 years: 41% (male 146,797/female 142,034) 15-24 years: 19.4% (male 69,547/female 67,096) 25-54 years: 31.3% (male 109,062/female 111,489) 55-64 years: 4.2% (male 12,647/female 16,708) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 12,163/female 16,458) (2013 est.)

Birth rate

34.35 births/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 30

Child labor - children ages 5-14

total number: 35,382 percentage: 28 % (2000 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

10.6% (2004) country comparison to the world: 67

Contraceptive prevalence rate

10.1% (2000)

Death rate

8.59 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 79

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 71.4 % youth dependency ratio: 66.6 % elderly dependency ratio: 4.8 % potential support ratio: 21 (2013)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 45% of population rural: 42% of population total: 43% of population unimproved: urban: 55% of population rural: 58% of population total: 57% of population (2000 est.)

Education expenditures

0.6% of GDP (2003) country comparison to the world: 173

Ethnic groups

Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Mdowe 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%, Bujeba 1.1%, other 1.4% (1994 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

5% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 15

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 73

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

20,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 78

Health expenditures

4% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 164

Hospital bed density

2.1 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate

total: 73.12 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 14 male: 74.18 deaths/1,000 live births female: 72.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

Languages

Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes French (official), Fang, Bubi) 32.4% (1994 census)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 63.12 years country comparison to the world: 184 male: 62.09 years female: 64.18 years (2013 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.2% male: 97.1% female: 91.1% (2011 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne disease: malaria and dengue fever animal contact disease: rabies (2013)

Major urban areas - population

MALABO (capital) 137,000 (2011)

Maternal mortality rate

240 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 49

Median age

total: 19.2 years male: 18.7 years female: 19.8 years (2013 est.)

Nationality

noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s) adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

10.6% (2008) country comparison to the world: 129

Physicians density

0.3 physicians/1,000 population (2004)

Population

704,001 (July 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 167

Population growth rate

2.58% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 25

Religions

nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 8 years male: 9 years female: 7 years (2002)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.76 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate

4.74 children born/woman (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 25

Urbanization

urban population: 39.5% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 3.16% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

in 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but a dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River and imprecisely defined maritime coordinates in the ICJ decision delayed final delimitation; UN urged Equatorial Guinea and Gabon to resolve the sovereignty dispute over Gabon-occupied Mbane and lesser islands and to create a maritime boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay

Trafficking in persons

current situation: Equatorial Guinea is a source and destination country for women and children subjected to forced labor and sexual exploitation; children have been trafficked from nearby countries for work as domestic servants, market laborers, ambulant vendors, and launderers; women may also be trafficked to Equatorial Guinea from Cameroon, Benin, other neighboring countries, and China for forced labor or prostitution; Equatorial Guinean girls may be encouraged by their parents to engage in the sex trade in urban centers to receive groceries, gifts, housing, and money tier rating: Tier 3 - Equatorial Guinea does not fully comply with the minimum standards on the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government has initiated no investigations or prosecutions of suspected trafficking offenses and demonstrated no efforts to identify victims or to provide them with necessary services, despite being required to do so under its 2004 anti-trafficking law; the government shows a slight increase in its efforts to prevent trafficking with the creation in 2012 of a working-level committee to combat human trafficking, but it has not launched any public anti-trafficking campaigns or implemented any programs to address forced child labor (2013)

Airports

7 (2013) country comparison to the world: 166

Airports - with paved runways

total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2013)

Merchant marine

total: 5 country comparison to the world: 128 by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 3 foreign-owned: 1 (Norway 1) (2010)

Pipelines

condensate 42 km; condensate/gas 5 km; gas 79 km; oil 71 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Bata, Luba, Malabo

Roadways

total: 2,880 km (2000) country comparison to the world: 168