Cameroon

Broadcast media

government maintains tight control over broadcast media; state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), broadcasting on both a TV and radio network, was the only officially recognized and fully licensed broadcaster until August 2007, when the government finally issued licenses to 2 private TV broadcasters and 1 private radio broadcaster; about 70 privately owned, unlicensed radio stations operating but are subject to closure at any time; foreign news services required to partner with state-owned national station (2007)

Internet country code

.cm

Internet users

total: 1.5 million | percent of population: 6.5% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 108

Radio broadcast stations

AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2001)

Telephone system

general assessment: system includes cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter; Camtel, the monopoly provider of fixed-line service, provides connections for only about 3 per 100 persons; equipment is old and outdated, and connections with many parts of the country are unreliable | domestic: mobile-cellular usage, in part a reflection of the poor condition and general inadequacy of the fixed-line network, has increased sharply, reaching a subscribership base of 50 per 100 persons | international: country code - 237; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2011)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 1.05 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76

Telephones - mobile cellular

total: 17.3 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 75 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61

Television broadcast stations

1 (2001)

Agriculture - products

coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, cassava (manioc, tapioca); livestock; timber

Budget

revenues: $5.503 billion | expenditures: $6.92 billion (2014 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-4.4% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 149

Central bank discount rate

4.25% (31 December 2009) | country comparison to the world: 94

Commercial bank prime lending rate

13.8% (31 December 2014 est.) | 14% (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 51

Current account balance

-$1.333 billion (2014 est.) | -$1.332 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 127

Debt - external

$5.006 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $4.217 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 126

Distribution of family income - Gini index

44.6 (2001) | 47.7 (1996) | country comparison to the world: 43

Economy - overview

Modest oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions provide Cameroon with one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Cameroon’s economy suffers from political and economic factors that often impact underdeveloped countries, such as stagnant per capita income, a relatively inequitable distribution of income, a top-heavy civil service, endemic corruption, the continuing inefficiencies of a large parastatal system in key sectors, and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. The IMF continues to press for economic reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. The Government of Cameroon provides subsidies for electricity, food, and fuel that have strained the federal budget diverting funds from education, healthcare, and infrastructure projects. Cameroon devotes significant resources to several large infrastructure projects under construction, including a deep sea port in Kribi and the Lom Pangar Hydropower Project. Cameroon’s energy sector continues to diversify, recently opening a natural gas powered electricity generating plant. Oil remains Cameroon’s main export commodity accounting for nearly 40% of export earnings despite falling global oil prices. Cameroon continues to seek foreign investment to improve its inadequate infrastructure, create jobs and improve its economic footprint but its unfavorable business environment remains a significant deterrent to foreign investment.

Exchange rates

Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per dollar - | 491.2 (2014 est.) | 494.04 (2013 est.) | 510.53 (2012 est.) | 471.87 (2011 est.) | 495.28 (2010 est.)

Exports

$6.376 billion (2014 est.) | $5.819 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 108

Exports - commodities

crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton

Exports - partners

Spain 13.9%, China 12%, India 10.1%, Italy 8.1%, Netherlands 8%, Belgium 5.1%, France 4.6%, Norway 4.5%, UK 4.3% (2014)

Fiscal year

1 July - 30 June

GDP (official exchange rate)

$31.67 billion (2014 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$67.2 billion (2014 est.) | $63.92 billion (2013 est.) | $60.54 billion (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 96

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 68.9% | government consumption: 14% | investment in fixed capital: 21% | investment in inventories: 0% | exports of goods and services: 28.6% | imports of goods and services: -32.5% | (2014 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 19.9% | industry: 27.6% | services: 52.5% (2014 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$3,000 (2014 est.) | $2,800 (2013 est.) | $2,700 (2012 est.) | note: data are in 2014 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 189

GDP - real growth rate

5.1% (2014 est.) | 5.6% (2013 est.) | 4.6% (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52

Gross national saving

17.9% of GDP (2014 est.) | 17.8% of GDP (2013 est.) | 17.1% of GDP (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 103

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.3% | highest 10%: 35.4% (2001)

Imports

$6.937 billion (2014 est.) | $6.484 billion (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117

Imports - commodities

machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food

Imports - partners

China 26.2%, Nigeria 12%, France 11.8%, Belgium 4.9%, US 4.2% (2014)

Industrial production growth rate

4.9% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 54

Industries

petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.9% (2014 est.) | 1.9% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 95

Labor force

9.105 million (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 54

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 70% | industry: 13% | services: 17% (2001 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$230 million (31 December 2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 116

Population below poverty line

48% (2000 est.)

Public debt

22.7% of GDP (2014 est.) | 19.4% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 136

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$3.503 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $3.384 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105

Stock of broad money

$6.439 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $6.633 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 121

Stock of domestic credit

$3.318 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $3.114 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 129

Stock of narrow money

$3.861 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $3.988 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112

Taxes and other revenues

17.1% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 181

Unemployment rate

30% (2001 est.) | country comparison to the world: 183

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

6.224 million Mt (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 122

Crude oil - exports

55,680 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45

Crude oil - imports

34,220 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 61

Crude oil - production

62,760 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56

Crude oil - proved reserves

200 million bbl (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 59

Electricity - consumption

5.267 billion kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 112

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 123

Electricity - from fossil fuels

28.6% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 183

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

71.4% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 22

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 67

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 170

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 130

Electricity - installed generating capacity

1.007 million kW (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 123

Electricity - production

5.857 billion kWh (2011 est.) | country comparison to the world: 115

Natural gas - consumption

165 million cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 103

Natural gas - exports

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 78

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 176

Natural gas - production

165 million cu m (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 78

Natural gas - proved reserves

135.1 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49

Refined petroleum products - consumption

29,680 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 115

Refined petroleum products - exports

13,370 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 80

Refined petroleum products - imports

6,018 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 143

Refined petroleum products - production

43,500 bbl/day (2010 est.) | country comparison to the world: 83

Area

total: 475,440 sq km | land: 472,710 sq km | water: 2,730 sq km | country comparison to the world: 54

Area - comparative

slightly larger than California

Climate

varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north

Coastline

402 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | highest point: Fako 4,095 m (on Cameroon Mountain)

Environment - current issues

waterborne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 0.97 cu km/yr (23%/10%/68%) | per capita: 58.9 cu m/yr (2005)

Geographic coordinates

6 00 N, 12 00 E

Geography - note

sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano

Irrigated land

256.5 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 5,018 km | border countries (6): Central African Republic 901 km, Chad 1,116 km, Republic of the Congo 494 km, Equatorial Guinea 183 km, Gabon 349 km, Nigeria 1,975 km

Land use

agricultural land: 20.6% | arable land 13.1%; permanent crops 3.3%; permanent pasture 4.2% | forest: 41.7% | other: 37.7% (2011 est.)

Location

Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm

Natural hazards

volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes | volcanism: Mt. Cameroon (elev. 4,095 m), which last erupted in 2000, is the most frequently active volcano in West Africa; lakes in Oku volcanic field have released fatal levels of gas on occasion, killing some 1,700 people in 1986

Natural resources

petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower

Terrain

diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north

Total renewable water resources

285.5 cu km (2011)

Administrative divisions

10 regions (regions, singular - region); Adamaoua, Centre, East (Est), Far North (Extreme-Nord), Littoral, North (Nord), North-West (Nord-Ouest), West (Ouest), South (Sud), South-West (Sud-Ouest)

Capital

name: Yaounde | geographic coordinates: 3 52 N, 11 31 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Constitution

several previous; latest effective 18 January 1996; amended 2008 (2008)

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon | conventional short form: Cameroon | local long form: Republique du Cameroun/Republic of Cameroon | local short form: Cameroun/Cameroon | former: French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Cameroon

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Michael Stephen HOZA (since 19 September 2014) | embassy: Avenue Rosa Parks, Yaounde | mailing address: P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520 | telephone: [237] 22220 15 00; Consular: [237] 22220 16 03 | FAX: [237] 22220 15 00 Ext. 4531; Consular FAX: [237] 22220 17 52 | branch office(s): Douala

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph FOE-ATANGANA (since 12 September 2008) | chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; current temporary address - 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 | telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790 | FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826

Executive branch

chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) | head of government: Prime Minister Philemon YANG (since 30 June 2009) | cabinet: Cabinet proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president | elections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 9 October 2011 (next to be held in October 2018); prime minister appointed by the president | election results: Paul BIYA reelected president; percent of vote - Paul BIYA (CPDM) 78.0%, John FRU NDI (SDF) 10.7%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.2%, other 8.1%

Flag description

three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow, with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; the vertical tricolor recalls the flag of France; red symbolizes unity, yellow the sun, happiness, and the savannahs in the north, and green hope and the forests in the south; the star is referred to as the "star of unity" | note: uses the popular Pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Government type

republic; multiparty presidential regime

Independence

1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Cameroon (consists of 9 titular and 6 surrogate judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and audit chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 11 members) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president with the advice of the Higher Judicial Council of Cameroon, a body chaired by the president and includes the minister of justice, selected magistrates, and representatives of the National Assembly; judge term NA; Constitutional Council members appointed by the president for single 9-year terms | subordinate courts: Parliamentary Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases involving the president and prime minister); appellate and first instance courts; circuit and magistrate's courts

Legal system

mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law

Legislative branch

description: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of the Senate or Senat (100 seats; 70 members indirectly elected by regional councils and 30 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms) and the National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms); note - the 100-member Senate was formed at the time of the April 2013 election | elections: Senate last held on 14 April 2013 (next to be held in 2018); National Assembly last held on 30 September 2013 (next to be held in 2018) | election results: Senate percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 56, SDF 14; National Assembly percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 148, SDF 18, UNDP 5, UDC 4, UPC 3, other 2

National anthem

name: "O Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancetres" (O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers) | lyrics/music: Rene Djam AFAME, Samuel Minkio BAMBA, Moise Nyatte NKO'O [French], Benard Nsokika FONLON [English]/Rene Djam AFAME | note: adopted 1957; Cameroon's anthem, also known as "Chant de Ralliement" (The Rallying Song), has been used unofficially since 1948 and officially adopted in 1957; the anthem has French and English versions whose lyrics differ

National holiday

State Unification Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)

National symbol(s)

lion; national colors: green, red, yellow

Political parties and leaders

Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA] | Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA] | Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA] | Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA] | Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO] | National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA] | Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI] | Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI] | Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Network of Human Rights Defenders in Central Africa or REDHAC [Maximilliene Ngo MBE] | Tribunal 53 [Patrice NGANANG]

Suffrage

20 years of age; universal

Background

French Cameroon became independent in 1960 as the Republic of Cameroon. The following year the southern portion of neighboring British Cameroon voted to merge with the new country to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon. In 1972, a new constitution replaced the federation with a unitary state, the United Republic of Cameroon. The country has generally enjoyed stability, which has enabled the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite slow movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of President Paul BIYA.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 4,667,251 | females age 16-49: 4,548,909 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 2,794,998 | females age 16-49: 2,718,110 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 215,248 | female: 211,636 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Cameroon Armed Forces (Forces Armees Camerounaises, FAC), Army (L'Armee de Terre), Navy (Marine Nationale Republique (MNR), includes naval infantry), Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Cameroun, AAC), Fire Fighter Corps, Gendarmerie (2013)

Military expenditures

1.42% of GDP (2012) | 1.37% of GDP (2011) | 1.42% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 70

Military service age and obligation

18-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; high school graduation required; service obligation 4 years; periodic government calls for volunteers (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 42.78% (male 5,115,958/female 5,039,122) | 15-24 years: 19.58% (male 2,337,061/female 2,310,178) | 25-54 years: 30.53% (male 3,644,779/female 3,603,610) | 55-64 years: 3.96% (male 458,001/female 481,717) | 65 years and over: 3.15% (male 348,754/female 400,038) (2015 est.)

Birth rate

36.17 births/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 18

Child labor - children ages 5-14

total number: 1,396,281 | percentage: 31% (2006 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

15.1% (2011) | country comparison to the world: 47

Contraceptive prevalence rate

23.4% (2011)

Death rate

10.11 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 42

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 84.3% | youth dependency ratio: 78.4% | elderly dependency ratio: 5.9% | potential support ratio: 16.9% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 94.8% of population | rural: 52.7% of population | total: 75.6% of population | urban: 5.2% of population | rural: 47.3% of population | total: 24.4% of population (2015 est.)

Education expenditures

3% of GDP (2012) | country comparison to the world: 133

Ethnic groups

Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

4.77% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 14

HIV/AIDS - deaths

34,200 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 7

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

657,500 (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 15

Health expenditures

5.1% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 139

Hospital bed density

1.3 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Infant mortality rate

total: 53.63 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 57.28 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 49.88 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 29

Languages

24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 57.93 years | male: 56.62 years | female: 59.28 years (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 203

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 75% | male: 81.2% | female: 68.9% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever | water contact disease: schistosomiasis | respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis | animal contact disease: rabies (2013)

Major urban areas - population

YAOUNDE (capital) 3.066 million; Douala 2.943 million (2015)

Median age

total: 18.4 years | male: 18.3 years | female: 18.5 years (2015 est.)

Nationality

noun: Cameroonian(s) | adjective: Cameroonian

Net migration rate

-0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

9.6% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 130

Physicians density

0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population

23,739,218 | note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 54

Population growth rate

2.59% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 19

Religions

indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%

Sanitation facility access

urban: 61.8% of population | rural: 26.8% of population | total: 45.8% of population | urban: 38.2% of population | rural: 73.2% of population | total: 54.2% of population (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years | male: 11 years | female: 10 years (2011)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female | total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2015 est.)

Total fertility rate

4.76 children born/woman (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 20

Urbanization

urban population: 54.4% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 3.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

Joint Border Commission with Nigeria reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a full phase-out of Nigerian control and patriation of residents in 2008; Cameroon and Nigeria agreed on maritime delimitation in March 2008; sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 253,042 (Central African Republic); 58,220 (Nigeria) (2015) | IDPs: 81,693 (2015)

Airports

33 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 112

Airports - with paved runways

total: 11 | over 3,047 m: 2 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 | 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 22 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 | 914 to 1,523 m: 10 | 8 (2013)

Pipelines

gas 53 km; liquid petroleum gas 5 km; oil 1,107 km; water 35 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

river port(s): Douala (Wouri); Garoua (Benoue) | oil terminal(s): Limboh Terminal

Railways

total: 987 km | narrow gauge: 987 km 1.000-m gauge | note: railway connections generally efficient but limited; rail lines connect major cities of Douala, Yaounde, Ngaoundere, and Garoua; passenger and freight service provided by CAMRAIL (2014) | country comparison to the world: 82

Roadways

total: 51,350 km | paved: 4,108 km | unpaved: 47,242 km | note: there are 28,857 km of national roads (2011) | country comparison to the world: 76

Waterways

(major rivers in the south, such as the Wouri and the Sanaga, are largely non-navigable; in the north, the Benue, which connects through Nigeria to the Niger River, is navigable in the rainy season only to the port of Garoua) (2010)