Belize

Internet country code

.bz

Internet hosts

3,905 (2006)

Internet users

35,000 (2005)

Radio broadcast stations

AM 1, FM 12, shortwave 0 (1998)

Telephone system

general assessment: above-average system domestic: trunk network depends primarily on microwave radio relay international: country code - 501; satellite earth station - 8 (Intelsat - 2, unknown - 6) (2005)

Telephones - main lines in use

33,300 (2005)

Telephones - mobile cellular

93,100 (2005)

Television broadcast stations

2 (1997)

Agriculture - products

bananas, coca, citrus, sugar; fish, cultured shrimp; lumber; garments

Budget

revenues: $262 million expenditures: $329 million; including capital expenditures of $70 million (2005 est.)

Currency (code)

Belizean dollar (BZD)

Current account balance

$-180 million (2005 est.)

Debt - external

$1.362 billion (June 2004 est.)

Economic aid - recipient

$NA

Economy - overview

In this small, essentially private-enterprise economy the tourism industry is the number one foreign exchange earner followed by marine products, citrus, cane sugar, bananas, and garments. The government's expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, initiated in September 1998, led to sturdy GDP growth averaging nearly 5% in 1999-2005. Major concerns continue to be the sizable trade deficit and foreign debt. A key short-term objective remains the reduction of poverty with the help of international donors.

Electricity - consumption

111.6 million kWh (2003)

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2003)

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2003)

Electricity - production

120 million kWh (2003)

Exchange rates

Belizean dollars per US dollar - 2 (2005), 2 (2004), 2 (2003), 2 (2002), 2 (2001)

Exports

$349.9 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Exports - commodities

sugar, bananas, citrus, clothing, fish products, molasses, wood

Exports - partners

US 30.6%, UK 25%, France 4.8% (2005)

Fiscal year

1 April - 31 March

GDP (official exchange rate)

$908 million (2005 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$1.778 billion (2004 est.)

GDP - composition by sector

agriculture: 14.2% industry: 15.2% services: 61.2% (2004 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$6,800 (2005 est.)

GDP - real growth rate

3.8% (2005 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%

Imports

$622.4 million f.o.b. (2005 est.)

Imports - commodities

machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods; fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals; food, beverages, tobacco

Imports - partners

US 31%, Mexico 11.6%, Russia 8.8%, Cuba 6%, Guatemala 5.6%, China 4.6%, Spain 4.4% (2005)

Industrial production growth rate

4.6% (1999)

Industries

garment production, food processing, tourism, construction

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

3% (2005 est.)

Investment (gross fixed)

17.8% of GDP (2005 est.)

Labor force

90,000 note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel (2001 est.)

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 27% industry: 18% services: 55% (2001 est.)

Natural gas - consumption

0 cu m (2003 est.)

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2003 est.)

Oil - consumption

6,000 bbl/day (2003 est.)

Oil - exports

NA bbl/day

Oil - imports

NA bbl/day

Oil - production

0 bbl/day (2003)

Population below poverty line

33% (1999 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$87 million (2005 est.)

Unemployment rate

12.9% (2003)

Area

total: 22,966 sq km land: 22,806 sq km water: 160 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than Massachusetts

Climate

tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)

Coastline

386 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Victoria Peak 1,160 m

Environment - current issues

deforestation; water pollution from sewage, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff; solid and sewage waste disposal

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

17 15 N, 88 45 W

Geography - note

only country in Central America without a coastline on the North Pacific Ocean

Irrigated land

30 sq km (2003)

Land boundaries

total: 516 km border countries: Guatemala 266 km, Mexico 250 km

Land use

arable land: 3.05% permanent crops: 1.39% other: 95.56% (2005)

Location

Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico

Map references

Central America and the Caribbean

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 nm; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for negotiating a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemala exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards

frequent, devastating hurricanes (June to November) and coastal flooding (especially in south)

Natural resources

arable land potential, timber, fish, hydropower

Terrain

flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south

Administrative divisions

6 districts; Belize, Cayo, Corozal, Orange Walk, Stann Creek, Toledo

Capital

name: Belmopan geographic coordinates: 17 15 N, 88 46 W time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Constitution

21 September 1981

Country name

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Belize former: British Honduras

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Robert J. DIETER embassy: 29 Gabourel Lane, Belize City mailing address: P. O. Box 286, Belize City telephone: [501] 227-7161 through 7163 FAX: [501] 223-0802

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Lisa M. SHOMAN chancery: 2535 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-9636 FAX: [1] (202) 332-6888 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles

Executive branch

chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Colville YOUNG, Sr. (since 17 November 1993) head of government: Prime Minister Said Wilbert MUSA (since 28 August 1998); Deputy Prime Minister John BRICENO (since 1 September 1998) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; prime minister recommends the deputy prime minister

Flag description

blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland

Government type

parliamentary democracy

Independence

21 September 1981 (from UK)

International organization participation

ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister)

Legal system

English law

Legislative branch

bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (12 members appointed by the governor general - 6 on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 1 each on the advice of the Belize Council of Churches and Evangelical Association of Churches, the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Belize Better Business Bureau, and the National Trade Union Congress and the Civil Society Steering Committee; members are appointed for five-year terms) and the House of Representatives (29 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: House of Representatives - last held 5 March 2003 (next to be held March 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PUP 21, UDP 8

National holiday

Independence Day, 21 September (1981)

Political parties and leaders

People's United Party or PUP [Said MUSA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Dean BARROW, party leader; Douglas SINGH, party chairman]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Society for the Promotion of Education and Research or SPEAR [Adele CATZIM]

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Belize was the site of several Mayan city states until their decline at the end of the first millennium A.D. The British and Spanish disputed the region in the 17th and 18th centuries; it formally became the colony of British Honduras in 1854. Territorial disputes between the UK and Guatemala delayed the independence of Belize until 1981. Guatemala refused to recognize the new nation until 1992. Tourism has become the mainstay of the economy. Current concerns include high unemployment, growing involvement in the South American drug trade, and increasing urban crime.

Manpower available for military service

males age 18-49: 61,201 females age 18-49: 60,048 (2005 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 18-49: 44,238 females age 18-49: 43,633 (2005 est.)

Manpower reaching military service age annually

males age 18-49: 3,213 females age 18-49: 3,100 (2005 est.)

Military branches

Belize Defense Force (BDF): Army, Maritime Wing, Air Wing, and Volunteer Guard

Military expenditures - percent of GDP

1.7% (2005 est.)

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient; conscription has never been implemented; volunteers typically outnumber available positions by 3:1 (2001)

Age structure

0-14 years: 39.5% (male 57,923/female 55,678) 15-64 years: 57% (male 82,960/female 81,046) 65 years and over: 3.5% (male 4,888/female 5,235) (2006 est.)

Birth rate

28.84 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Death rate

5.72 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Ethnic groups

mestizo 48.7%, Creole 24.9%, Maya 10.6%, Garifuna 6.1%, other 9.7%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

2.4% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths

less than 200 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

3,600 (2003 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 24.89 deaths/1,000 live births male: 28.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 21.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

Languages

English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 68.3 years male: 66.43 years female: 70.26 years (2006 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.1% male: 94.1% female: 94.1% (2003 est.)

Median age

total: 19.6 years male: 19.5 years female: 19.8 years (2006 est.)

Nationality

noun: Belizean(s) adjective: Belizean

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Population

287,730 (July 2006 est.)

Population growth rate

2.31% (2006 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic 49.6%, Protestant 27% (Pentecostal 7.4%, Anglican 5.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5.2%, Mennonite 4.1%, Methodist 3.5%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.5%), other 14%, none 9.4% (2000)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Total fertility rate

3.6 children born/woman (2006 est.)

Disputes - international

Guatemalan squatters continue to settle in the largely uninhabited rain forests of Belize's border region; OAS seeks to revive the 2002 failed Belize-Guatemala Differendum that created a small adjustment to land boundary, a Guatemalan maritime corridor in Caribbean, joint ecological park for disputed Sapodilla Cays, and substantial US-UK financial package

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trafficking and offshore sector

Trafficking in persons

current situation: Belize is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of labor and sexual exploitation; women and girls are trafficked mainly from Central America, and exploited in prostitution; children are trafficked to Belize for labor exploitation; Belize's largely unmonitored borders with Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico facilitate the movement of illegal migrants who are vulnerable to traffickers; girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation, sometimes with the consent and complicity of their close relatives; there are unconfirmed reports that Indian and Chinese migrants are trafficked for involuntary servitude in homes and shops tier rating: Tier 3 - Belize has failed to show evidence of significant law enforcement or victim protection efforts

Airports

43 (2006)

Airports - with paved runways

total: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2006)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 38 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 26 (2006)

Merchant marine

total: 285 ships (1000 GRT or over) 985,464 GRT/1,322,629 DWT by type: bulk carrier 36, cargo 203, chemical tanker 7, container 4, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 13, refrigerated cargo 12, roll on/roll off 6, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 225 (China 103, Croatia 1, Cyprus 2, Estonia 3, Germany 3, Greece 2, Hong Kong 8, Iceland 2, Indonesia 2, Italy 4, Japan 2, North Korea 2, South Korea 4, Latvia 6, Lithuania 1, Malaysia 1, Mexico 1, Norway 2, Poland 2, Russia 36, Singapore 6, Spain 3, Switzerland 1, Turkey 11, UAE 5, Ukraine 7, US 5) (2006)

Ports and terminals

Belize City

Roadways

total: 2,872 km paved: 488 km unpaved: 2,384 km (1999)

Waterways

825 km (navigable only by small craft) (2005)