Belgium

Broadcast media

a segmented market with the three major communities (Flemish, French, and German-speaking) each having responsibility for their own broadcast media; multiple TV channels exist for each community; additionally, in excess of 90% of households are connected to cable and can access broadcasts of TV stations from neighboring countries; each community has a public radio network co-existing with private broadcasters (2007)

Internet country code

.be

Internet hosts

5.192 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 21

Internet users

8.113 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 36

Telephone system

general assessment: highly developed, technologically advanced, and completely automated domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities domestic: nationwide mobile-cellular telephone system; extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network international: country code - 32; landing point for a number of submarine cables that provide links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat - 3) (2007)

Telephones - main lines in use

4.631 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 33

Telephones - mobile cellular

12.88 million (2012) country comparison to the world: 67

Agriculture - products

sugar beets, fresh vegetables, fruits, grain, tobacco; beef, veal, pork, milk

Budget

revenues: $246.6 billion expenditures: $266.5 billion (2012 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-4.2% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 148

Central bank discount rate

1.5% (31 December 2012) country comparison to the world: 121 1.75% (31 December 2010) note: this is the European Central Bank's rate on the marginal lending facility, which offers overnight credit to banks in the euro area

Commercial bank prime lending rate

3.62% (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 170 3.93% (31 December 2011 est.)

Current account balance

$-6.65 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 168 $-5.662 billion (2011 est.)

Debt - external

$1.424 trillion (31 December 2012) country comparison to the world: 14 $1.417 trillion (31 December 2011)

Distribution of family income - Gini index

28 (2005) country comparison to the world: 122 28.7 (1996)

Economy - overview

This modern, open, and private-enterprise-based economy has capitalized on its central geographic location, highly developed transport network, and diversified industrial and commercial base. Industry is concentrated mainly in the more heavily-populated region of Flanders in the north. With few natural resources, Belgium imports substantial quantities of raw materials and exports a large volume of manufactures, making its economy vulnerable to volatility in world markets. Roughly three-quarters of Belgium's trade is with other EU countries, and Belgium has benefited most from its proximity to Germany. In 2011 Belgian GDP grew by 1.8%, the unemployment rate decreased slightly to 7.2% from 8.3% the previous year, and the government reduced the budget deficit from a peak of 6% of GDP in 2009 to 4.2% in 2011 and 3.3% in 2012. Fourth quarter GDP growth in 2012 was at -0.1%, the third consecutive quarter of negative growth. This brought economic growth for the whole of 2012 to negative 0.2%. It also left Belgium on the brink of a possible recession at the end of 2012. However, at year's end, the government appeared close to meeting its 2012 budget deficit goal of 3% of GDP. Despite the relative improvement in Belgium's budget deficit, public debt hovers around 100% of GDP, a factor that has contributed to investor perceptions that the country is increasingly vulnerable to spillover from the euro-zone crisis. Belgian banks were severely affected by the international financial crisis in 2008 with three major banks receiving capital injections from the government, and the nationalization of the Belgian retail arm of a Franco-Belgian bank.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.78 (2012 est.) 0.72 (2011 est.) 0.76 (2010 est.) 0.72 (2009 est.) 0.68 (2008 est.)

Exports

$302.4 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 19 $324.4 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

machinery and equipment, chemicals, finished diamonds, metals and metal products, foodstuffs

Exports - partners

Germany 18%, France 16.1%, Netherlands 13%, UK 7.3%, US 5.3%, Italy 4.4% (2012)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$477.4 billion (2012 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$415.6 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 33 $416.8 billion (2011 est.) $409.2 billion (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 52.9% government consumption: 24.9% investment in fixed capital: 20.7% investment in inventories: 0.3% exports of goods and services: 84.8% imports of goods and services: -83.6% (2012 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 0.8% industry: 22.2% services: 76.9% (2012 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$37,500 (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 $37,900 (2011 est.) $37,800 (2010 est.) note: data are in 2012 US dollars

GDP - real growth rate

-0.3% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 184 1.8% (2011 est.) 2.4% (2010 est.)

Gross national saving

19.6% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 76 20.8% of GDP (2011 est.) 22.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 3.4% highest 10%: 28.4% (2006)

Imports

$311.1 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 18 $336.1 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commodities

raw materials, machinery and equipment, chemicals, raw diamonds, pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs, transportation equipment, oil products

Imports - partners

Netherlands 20.9%, Germany 14.2%, France 10.6%, US 6.1%, UK 5.5%, Ireland 4.4% (2012)

Industrial production growth rate

-1.6% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 152

Industries

engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

2.6% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 72 3.4% (2011 est.)

Labor force

5.19 million (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 74

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 2% industry: 25% services: 73% (2007 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$229.9 billion (31 December 2011) country comparison to the world: 29 $269.3 billion (31 December 2010) $261.4 billion (31 December 2009)

Population below poverty line

15.2% (2007 est.)

Public debt

99.6% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 15 97.8% of GDP (2011 est.) note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; general government debt is defined by the Maastricht definition and calculated by the National Bank of Belgium as consolidated gross debt; the debt is defined in European Regulation EC479/2009 concerning the implementation of the protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) of 7 February 1992; the sub-sectors of consolidated gross debt are: federal government, communities and regions, local government, and social security funds

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$30.77 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 50 $29.43 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of broad money

$543.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 21 $547.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$1.185 trillion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 7 $1.171 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$1.159 trillion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 6 $1.161 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of domestic credit

$574.8 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 23 $559.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of narrow money

$185.7 billion (31 December 2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 20 $170.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply in the euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 17 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders

Taxes and other revenues

51.7% of GDP (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 13

Unemployment rate

7.6% (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 84 7.2% (2011 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

131.1 million Mt (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 36

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 83

Crude oil - imports

667,700 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 16

Crude oil - production

10,530 bbl/day (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 90

Crude oil - proved reserves

0 bbl (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 106

Electricity - consumption

84.68 billion kWh (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Electricity - exports

6.911 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 23

Electricity - from fossil fuels

43.6% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 164

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

0.6% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 143

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

32.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 2

Electricity - from other renewable sources

16.3% of total installed capacity (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 11

Electricity - imports

16.85 billion kWh (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 10

Electricity - installed generating capacity

18.32 million kW (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 40

Electricity - production

83.37 billion kWh (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 37

Natural gas - consumption

13.46 billion cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 41

Natural gas - exports

21.18 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 19

Natural gas - imports

38.9 billion cu m (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 14

Natural gas - production

0 cu m (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 102

Natural gas - proved reserves

0 cu m (1 January 2013 es) country comparison to the world: 113

Refined petroleum products - consumption

644,400 bbl/day (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 28

Refined petroleum products - exports

442,800 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

Refined petroleum products - imports

355,100 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 17

Refined petroleum products - production

720,000 bbl/day (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 25

Area

total: 30,528 sq km country comparison to the world: 141 land: 30,278 sq km water: 250 sq km

Area - comparative

about the size of Maryland

Climate

temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy

Coastline

66.5 km

Elevation extremes

lowest point: North Sea 0 m highest point: Botrange 694 m

Environment - current issues

the environment is exposed to intense pressures from human activities: urbanization, dense transportation network, industry, extensive animal breeding and crop cultivation; air and water pollution also have repercussions for neighboring countries; uncertainties regarding federal and regional responsibilities (now resolved) had slowed progress in tackling environmental challenges

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

total: 6.22 cu km/yr (12%/88%/1%) per capita: 589.8 cu m/yr (2007)

Geographic coordinates

50 50 N, 4 00 E

Geography - note

crossroads of Western Europe; most West European capitals within 1,000 km of Brussels, the seat of both the European Union and NATO

Irrigated land

233.5 sq km (2007)

Land boundaries

total: 1,385 km border countries: France 620 km, Germany 167 km, Luxembourg 148 km, Netherlands 450 km

Land use

arable land: 27.06% permanent crops: 0.72% other: 72.22% note: includes Luxembourg (2011)

Location

Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: geographic coordinates define outer limit continental shelf: median line with neighbors

Natural hazards

flooding is a threat along rivers and in areas of reclaimed coastal land, protected from the sea by concrete dikes

Natural resources

construction materials, silica sand, carbonates

Terrain

flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast

Total renewable water resources

18.3 cu km (2011)

Administrative divisions

3 regions (French: regions, singular - region; Dutch: gewesten, singular - gewest); Brussels-Capital Region, also known as Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (Dutch), Region de Bruxelles-Capitale (French long form), Bruxelles-Capitale (French short form); Flemish Region (Flanders), also known as Vlaams Gewest (Dutch long form), Vlaanderen (Dutch short form), Region Flamande (French long form), Flandre (French short form); Walloon Region (Wallonia), also known as Region Wallone (French long form), Wallonie (French short form), Waals Gewest (Dutch long form), Wallonie (Dutch short form) note: as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities

Capital

name: Brussels geographic coordinates: 50 50 N, 4 20 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Constitution

drafted 25 November 1830, approved 7 February 1831, entered into force 26 July 1831, revised 14 July 1993 (creating a federal state); amended many times, last in 2012 (2012)

Country name

conventional long form: Kingdom of Belgium conventional short form: Belgium local long form: Royaume de Belgique/Koninkrijk Belgie/Koenigreich Belgien local short form: Belgique/Belgie/Belgien

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Denise BAUER (since 7 August 2013) embassy: 27 Boulevard du Regent [Regentlaan], B-1000 Brussels mailing address: PSC 82, Box 002, APO AE 09710 telephone: [32] (2) 811-4000 FAX: [32] (2) 811-4500

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Jan MATTHYSEN (since 17 February 2008) chancery: 3330 Garfield Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-6900 FAX: [1] (202) 338-4960 consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Los Angeles, New York

Executive branch

chief of state: King PHILIPPE (since 21 August 2013); Heir Apparent Princess ELISABETH, daughter of the monarch head of government: Prime Minister Elio DI RUPO (since 6 December 2011); Deputy Prime Minister Alexander DE CROO (since 22 October 2012); Joelle MILQUET (since 20 March 2008); Laurette ONKELINX (since 30 December 2008); Didier REYNDERS (since 30 December 2008); Pieter DE CREM (since 5 March 2013) cabinet: Council of Ministers are formally appointed by the monarch (For more information visit theWorld Leaders website) elections: the monarchy is hereditary and constitutional; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually appointed prime minister by the monarch and then approved by parliament

Flag description

three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red; the vertical design was based on the flag of France; the colors are those of the arms of the duchy of Brabant (yellow lion with red claws and tongue on a black field)

Government type

federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy

Independence

4 October 1830 (a provisional government declared independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King LEOPOLD I ascended to the throne)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB (nonregional members), AfDB (nonregional members), Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Constitutional Court or Grondwettelijk Hof in Dutch and Cour constitutionelle in French (consists of 12 judges - 6 Dutch-speaking and 6 French-speaking); Supreme Court of Justice or Hof van Cassatie in Dutch and Cour de Cassation in French (court organized into 3 chambers: civil and commercial; criminal; social, fiscal, and armed forces; each chamber includes a Dutch division and a French division, each with a chairperson and 5-6 judges) judge selection and term of office: Constitutional Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates submitted by Parliament; judges appointed for life with mandatory retirement at age 70; Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch from candidates submitted by the High Council of Justice, a 44-member independent body of judicial and non-judicial members; judges appointed for life subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional courts; specialized courts for administrative, commercial, labor, and audit issues; magistrate's courts; justices of the peace

Legal system

civil law system based on the French Civil Code; note - Belgian law continues to be modified in conformance with the legislative norms mandated by the European Union; judicial review of legislative acts

Legislative branch

bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate or Senaat in Dutch, Senat in French (71 seats; 40 members directly elected by popular vote, 31 indirectly elected; members serve four-year terms) and a Chamber of Deputies or Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers in Dutch, Chambre des Representants in French (150 seats; members directly elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate and Chamber of Deputies - last held on 13 June 2010 (next to be held no later than June 2014) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - N-VA 19.6%, PS 13.6%, CD&V 10%, SP.A 9.5%, MR 9.3%, Open VLD 8.2%, VB 7.6%, Ecolo 5.5%, CDH 5.1% Groen! 3.9%, other 7.7%; seats by party - N-VA 9, PS 7, CD&V 4, SP.A 4, MR 4, Open VLD 4, VB 3, Ecolo 2, CDH 2, Groen! 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - N-VA 17.4%, PS 13.7%, CD&V 10.9%, MR 9.3%, SP.A 9.2%, Open VLD 8.6%, VB 7.8%, CDH 5.5%, Ecolo 4.8%, Groen! 4.4%, List Dedecker 2.3%, the Popular Party 1.3%, other 4.8%; seats by party - N-VA 27, PS 26, CD&V 17, MR 18, sp.a 13, Open VLD 13, VB 12, CDH 9, Ecolo 8, Groen! 5, List Dedecker 1, the Popular Party 1 note: as a result of the 1993 constitutional revision that furthered devolution into a federal state, there are now three levels of government (federal, regional, and linguistic community) with a complex division of responsibilities; this reality leaves six governments, each with its own legislative assembly

National anthem

name: "La Brabanconne" (The Song of Brabant)

National holiday

21 July (1831) ascension to the Throne of King LEOPOLD I

National symbol(s)

lion

Political parties and leaders

Flemish parties: Christian Democratic and Flemish or CD&V [Wouter BEKE] Flemish Liberals and Democrats or Open VLD [Gwendolyn RUTTEN] Groen! [Wouter VAN BESIEN] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens) Libertarian, Direct, Democratic or LDD (formerly Dedecker's List) [Jean-Marie DEDECKER] New Flemish Alliance or N-VA [Bart DE WEVER] Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A [Bruno TOBBACK] Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [Gerolf ANNEMANS] Francophone parties: Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Olivier DELEUZE, Emily HOYOS] Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH [Benoit LUTGEN] Popular Party or PP [ Mischael MODRIKAMEN] Reform Movement or MR [Charles MICHEL] Socialist Party or PS [Paul MAGNETTE] other minor parties

Political pressure groups and leaders

Federation of Belgian Industries other: trade unions; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as Pax Christi and groups representing immigrants

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Background

Belgium became independent from the Netherlands in 1830; it was occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II. The country prospered in the past half century as a modern, technologically advanced European state and member of NATO and the EU. Tensions between the Dutch-speaking Flemings of the north and the French-speaking Walloons of the south have led in recent years to constitutional amendments granting these regions formal recognition and autonomy. Its capital, Brussels, is home to numerous international organizations including the EU and NATO.

Manpower available for military service

males age 16-49: 2,359,232 females age 16-49: 2,291,689 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service

males age 16-49: 1,934,957 females age 16-49: 1,877,268 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually

male: 59,665 female: 57,142 (2010 est.)

Military branches

Belgian Armed Forces: Land Operations Command, Naval Operations Command, Air Operations Command (2012)

Military expenditures

1.3% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 108

Military service age and obligation

18 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 1994 (2012)

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.7% (male 835,569/female 801,959) 15-24 years: 11.8% (male 629,753/female 603,550) 25-54 years: 40.6% (male 2,145,075/female 2,100,014) 55-64 years: 13.2% (male 681,946/female 695,188) 65 years and over: 18.7% (male 819,694/female 1,131,520) (2013 est.)

Birth rate

10 births/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 195

Contraceptive prevalence rate

70.4% note: percent of women aged 18-49 (2010)

Death rate

10.7 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 42

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 53.8 % youth dependency ratio: 26.1 % elderly dependency ratio: 27.7 % potential support ratio: 3.6 (2013)

Drinking water source

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population (2010 est.)

Education expenditures

6.6% of GDP (2009) country comparison to the world: 28

Ethnic groups

Fleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

0.2% (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 96

HIV/AIDS - deaths

fewer than 100 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 126

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

14,000 (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Health expenditures

10.6% of GDP (2011) country comparison to the world: 20

Hospital bed density

6.5 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

total: 4.23 deaths/1,000 live births country comparison to the world: 194 male: 4.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)

Languages

Dutch (official) 60%, French (official) 40%, German (official) less than 1%, legally bilingual (Dutch and French)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 79.78 years country comparison to the world: 38 male: 76.62 years female: 83.08 years (2013 est.)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)

Major urban areas - population

BRUSSELS (capital) 1.892 million; Antwerp 961,000 (2009)

Maternal mortality rate

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) country comparison to the world: 157

Median age

total: 42.8 years male: 41.5 years female: 44.2 years (2013 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

28 note: Data refer to first birth within current marriage (2008 est.)

Nationality

noun: Belgian(s) adjective: Belgian

Net migration rate

1.22 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 54

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

22.1% (2008) country comparison to the world: 83

Physicians density

3.78 physicians/1,000 population (2010)

Population

10,444,268 (July 2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

Population growth rate

0.05% (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 188

Religions

Roman Catholic 75%, other (includes Protestant) 25%

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 100% of population total: 100% of population (2010 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years male: 16 years female: 17 years (2010)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2013 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.65 children born/woman (2013 est.) country comparison to the world: 176

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 18.7% country comparison to the world: 65 male: 18.7% female: 18.7% (2011)

Urbanization

urban population: 97% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

none

Illicit drugs

growing producer of synthetic drugs and cannabis; transit point for US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite a strengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable to money laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol, and tobacco; significant domestic consumption of ecstasy

Refugees and internally displaced persons

stateless persons: 3,898 (2012)

Airports

41 (2013) country comparison to the world: 102

Airports - with paved runways

total: 26 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 8 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 15 under 914 m: 15 (2013)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Merchant marine

total: 87 country comparison to the world: 56 by type: bulk carrier 23, cargo 15, chemical tanker 5, container 4, liquefied gas 23, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 7 foreign-owned: 15 (Denmark 4, France 7, Russia 1, UK 2, US 1) registered in other countries: 107 (Bahamas 6, Cambodia 1, Cyprus 3, France 7, Gibraltar 1, Greece 17, Hong Kong 26, Liberia 1, Luxembourg 11, Malta 7, Marshall Islands 1, Mozambique 2, North Korea 1, Panama 1, Portugal 8, Russia 4, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7, Singapore 1, Vanuatu 1) (2010)

Pipelines

gas 3,139 km; oil 154 km; refined products 535 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Oostende, Zeebrugge river port(s): Antwerp, Gent (Schelde River); Brussels (Senne River); Liege (Meuse River) container port(s) (TEUs): Antwerp (8,664,243), Zeebrugge (2,207,257) (2011)

Railways

total: 3,233 km country comparison to the world: 55 standard gauge: 3,233 km 1.435-m gauge (2,950 km electrified) (2008)

Roadways

total: 154,012 km country comparison to the world: 31 paved: 120,514 km (includes 1,756 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,498 km (2010)

Waterways

2,043 km (1,528 km in regular commercial use) (2012) country comparison to the world: 42