Austria

Broadcast media

worldwide cable and satellite TV are available; the public incumbent ORF competes with three other major, several regional domestic, and up to 400 international TV stations; TV coverage is in principle 100%, but only 90% use broadcast media; Internet streaming not only complements, but increasingly replaces regular TV stations (2016)

Internet country code

.at

Internet users

total: 7.273 million | percent of population: 83.9% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53

Telephone system

general assessment: highly developed and efficient | domestic: fixed-line subscribership has been in decline since the mid-1990s with mobile-cellular subscribership eclipsing it by the late 1990s; the fiber-optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available; broadband is available in major cities | international: country code - 43; earth stations available in the Intelsat, Eutelsat satellite systems (2016)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 3,609,900 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 42 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45

Telephones - mobile cellular

total: 13.471 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 155 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71

Agriculture - products

grains, potatoes, wine, fruit; dairy products, cattle, pigs, poultry; lumber and other forestry products

Budget

revenues: $189.1 billion | expenditures: $193.1 billion (2015 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-1.1% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 62

Commercial bank prime lending rate

2% (31 December 2015 est.) | 2.15% (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 177

Current account balance

$13.46 billion (2015 est.) | $8.437 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 23

Debt - external

$675 billion (30 September 2015 est.) | $740.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 18

Distribution of family income - Gini index

29.2 (2013) | 26.3 (2007) | country comparison to the world: 125

Economy - overview

Austria, with its well-developed market economy, skilled labor force, and high standard of living, is closely tied to other EU economies, especially Germany's. Its economy features a large service sector, a relatively sound industrial sector, and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector. | Economic growth has been relatively weak in recent years, approaching 0.9% in 2015. Austria's 5.8% unemployment rate, while low by European standards, is at its highest rate since the end of World War II, driven by an increased number of refugees and EU migrants entering the labor market. Without extensive vocational training programs and generous early retirement, the unemployment rate would be even higher. | Although Austria's fiscal position compares favorably with other euro-zone countries, it faces several external risks, such as unexpectedly weak world economic growth threatening the export market, Austrian banks' continued exposure to Central and Eastern Europe, repercussions from the Hypo Alpe Adria bank collapse, political and economic uncertainties caused by the European sovereign debt crisis, the current refugee crisis, and continued unrest in Russia/Ukraine. Early signs point towards a slight improvement in 2016, driven by low interest rates on government debt. Currently, the budget deficit stands at 2.7% of GDP and public debt has reached a post-war high of 84.2% of the GDP.

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - | 0.885 (2015 est.) | 0.7525 (2014 est.) | 0.7634 (2013 est.) | 0.78 (2012 est.) | 0.7185 (2011 est.)

Exports

$142.9 billion (2015 est.) | $166 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 32

Exports - commodities

machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs

Exports - partners

Germany 29.4%, US 6.4%, Italy 6.1%, Switzerland 5.7%, France 4.4%, Slovakia 4.2% (2015)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$374.1 billion (2015 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$404.3 billion (2015 est.) | $400.8 billion (2014 est.) | $399.4 billion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 47

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 52.6% | government consumption: 19.9% | investment in fixed capital: 22.6% | investment in inventories: 0.4% | exports of goods and services: 53% | imports of goods and services: -48.6% (2015 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 1.3% | industry: 28.3% | services: 70.4% (2015 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$47,300 (2015 est.) | $47,100 (2014 est.) | $47,300 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 27

GDP - real growth rate

0.9% (2015 est.) | 0.4% (2014 est.) | 0.3% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 176

Gross national saving

25.4% of GDP (2015 est.) | 25% of GDP (2014 est.) | 25.9% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 54

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.8% | highest 10%: 23.5% (2012 est.)

Imports

$140 billion (2015 est.) | $164 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 30

Imports - commodities

machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products, natural gas; foodstuffs

Imports - partners

Germany 41.5%, Italy 6.3%, Switzerland 6%, Czech Republic 4.2% (2015)

Industrial production growth rate

0.8% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 151

Industries

construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.8% (2015 est.) | 1.5% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 78

Labor force

3.889 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 94

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 0.7% | industry: 25.3% | services: 74% (2015 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares

$106 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $82.37 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $67.68 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 41

Population below poverty line

4% (2014 est.)

Public debt

86.2% of GDP (2015 est.) | 84.3% of GDP (2014 est.) | note: this is general government gross debt, defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year; it covers the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; as a percentage of GDP, the GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product in current year prices | country comparison to the world: 25

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$22.24 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $24.94 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56

Stock of broad money

$428.9 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $439.3 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 26

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$349.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $367.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 19

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$294.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $321 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 22

Stock of domestic credit

$462.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $507.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 26

Stock of narrow money

$193.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $191.8 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders | country comparison to the world: 23

Taxes and other revenues

50.5% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 14

Unemployment rate

5.7% (2015 est.) | 5.6% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 65

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

76.2 million Mt (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 48

Crude oil - exports

0 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 97

Crude oil - imports

165,300 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36

Crude oil - production

16,500 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 67

Crude oil - proved reserves

47.5 million bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 79

Electricity - consumption

69.75 billion kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 40

Electricity - exports

19.31 billion kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 10

Electricity - from fossil fuels

32.8% of total installed capacity (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 175

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

56% of total installed capacity (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 39

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 45

Electricity - from other renewable sources

11.1% of total installed capacity (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 32

Electricity - imports

29.37 billion kWh (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 8

Electricity - installed generating capacity

24.22 million kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 35

Electricity - production

59 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 43

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2016)

Natural gas - consumption

7.845 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 50

Natural gas - exports

2.529 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 36

Natural gas - imports

10.12 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 26

Natural gas - production

1.321 billion cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 62

Natural gas - proved reserves

7.9 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 80

Refined petroleum products - consumption

264,600 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 46

Refined petroleum products - exports

50,640 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57

Refined petroleum products - imports

117,300 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 46

Refined petroleum products - production

200,900 bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 55

Area

total: 83,871 sq km | land: 82,445 sq km | water: 1,426 sq km | country comparison to the world: 114

Area - comparative

about the size of South Carolina; slightly more than two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania

Climate

temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Elevation

mean elevation: 910 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Neusiedler See 115 m | highest point: Grossglockner 3,798 m

Environment - current issues

some forest degradation caused by air and soil pollution; soil pollution results from the use of agricultural chemicals; air pollution results from emissions by coal- and oil-fired power stations and industrial plants and from trucks transiting Austria between northern and southern Europe

Environment - international agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

47 20 N, 13 20 E

Geography - note

landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube; population is concentrated on eastern lowlands because of steep slopes, poor soils, and low temperatures elsewhere

Irrigated land

1,170 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total: 2,524 km | border countries (8): Czech Republic 402 km, Germany 801 km, Hungary 321 km, Italy 404 km, Liechtenstein 34 km, Slovakia 105 km, Slovenia 299 km, Switzerland 158 km

Land use

agricultural land: 38.4% | arable land 16.5%; permanent crops 0.8%; permanent pasture 21.1% | forest: 47.2% | other: 14.4% (2011 est.)

Location

Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia

Map references

Europe

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

landslides; avalanches; earthquakes

Natural resources

oil, coal, lignite, timber, iron ore, copper, zinc, antimony, magnesite, tungsten, graphite, salt, hydropower

Population - distribution

the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas

Terrain

mostly mountains (Alps) in the west and south; mostly flat or gently sloping along the eastern and northern margins

Administrative divisions

9 states (Bundeslaender, singular - Bundesland); Burgenland, Kaernten (Carinthia), Niederoesterreich (Lower Austria), Oberoesterreich (Upper Austria), Salzburg, Steiermark (Styria), Tirol (Tyrol), Vorarlberg, Wien (Vienna)

Capital

name: Vienna | geographic coordinates: 48 12 N, 16 22 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) | daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Austria | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Constitution

several previous; latest adopted 1 October 1920, revised 1929, replaced May 1934 (authoritarian-corporate constitution), replaced by German Weimar constitution in 1938 following German annexation; latest reinstated 1 May 1945 (1920 constitution with 1929 revisions); amended many times, last in 2014 (2016)

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Austria | conventional short form: Austria | local long form: Republik Oesterreich | local short form: Oesterreich | etymology: the name Oesterreich means "eastern realm" or "eastern march" and dates to the 10th century; the designation refers to the fact that Austria was the easternmost extension of Bavaria, and in fact of all the Germans; the word Austria is a Latinization of the German name

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Alexa Lange WESNER (since 22 October 2013) | embassy: Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1090, Vienna | mailing address: use embassy street address | telephone: [43] (1) 31339-0 | FAX: [43] (1) 3100682

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Wolfgang WALDNER (since 28 January 2016) | chancery: 3524 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008-3035 | telephone: [1] (202) 895-6700 | FAX: [1] (202) 895-6750 | consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York | consulate(s): Chicago

Executive branch

chief of state: Acting Presidents Doris BURES (SPOe), Karlheinz KOPF (OeVP), Norbert HOFER (FPOe) (since 8 July 2016) | head of government: Chancellor Christian KERN (SPOe) (since 17 May 2016); Vice Chancellor Reinhold MITTERLEHNER (OeVP) (since 1 September 2014) | cabinet: Council of Ministers chosen by the president on the advice of the chancellor | elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); elections last held on 24 April 2016 (first round) and 22 May 2016 (second round), the latter was ruled invalid and a re-vote will be held 4 December 2016; next presidential elections to be held in April 2022; chancellor appointed by the president but determined by the majority coalition parties in the Federal Assembly; vice chancellor appointed by the president on the advice of the chancellor | election results: percent of vote: first-round results - Norbet HOFER (FPOe) 35.1%, Alexander van der BELLIEN (independent, allied with the Greens) 21.3%, Irmgard GRISS (independent) 18.9%, Rudolf HUNDSTORFER (SPOe) 11.3%, Andreas KHOL (OeVP) 11.1%, Richard LUGNER (independent) 2.3%; second round results - Alexander van der BELLIEN 50.3%, Norbet HOFER 49.7%; on 1 July 2016, the Constitutional Court ordered a rerun of the 22 May 2016 runoff election to be held 2 October 2016; former President Heinz FISCHER's term ended July 8; his functions were replaced by the three Presidents of the National Council Doris BURES (SPOe), Karlheinz KOPF (OeVP), and Norbert HOFER (FPOe)

Flag description

three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red; the flag design is certainly one of the oldest - if not the oldest - national banners in the world; according to tradition, in 1191, following a fierce battle in the Third Crusade, Duke Leopold V of Austria's white tunic became completely blood-spattered; upon removal of his wide belt or sash, a white band was revealed; the red-white-red color combination was subsequently adopted as his banner

Government type

federal parliamentary republic

Independence

12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 976 (Margravate of Austria established); 17 September 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 11 August 1804 (Austrian Empire proclaimed)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice or Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 85 judges organized into 17 senates or panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court or Verfassungsgerichtshof (consists of 20 judges including 6 substitutes; Administrative Court or Verwaltungsgerichtshof - 2 judges plus other members depending on the importance of the case) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges nominated by several executive branch departments and approved by the president; judges serve for life; Administrative Court judges recommended by executive branch departments and appointed by the president; terms of judges and members determined by the president | subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (4); Regional Courts (20); district courts (120); county courts

Legal system

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts by the Constitutional Court

Legislative branch

description: bicameral Federal Assembly or Bundesversammlung consists of the Federal Council or Bundesrat (62 seats; members appointed by state parliaments with each state receiving 3 to 12 seats in proportion to its population; members serve 5- or 6-year terms) and the National Council or Nationalrat (183 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) | elections: National Council - last held on 29 September 2013 (next to be held by September 2018) | election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - SPOe 26.8%, OeVP 24.0%, FPOe 20.5%, Greens 12.4%, Team Stronach 5.7%, NEOS 5.0%, other 5.6%; seats by party - SPOe 52, OeVP 47, FPOe 40, Greens 24, Team Stronach 11, NEOS 9; note - currently: SPOe 52, OeVP 50, FPOe 38, Greens 24, NEOS 9, Team Stronach 6, without faction 4

National anthem

name: "Bundeshymne" (Federal Hymn) | lyrics/music: Paula von PRERADOVIC/Wolfgang Amadeus MOZART or Johann HOLZER (disputed) | note: adopted 1947; the anthem is also known as "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" (Land of the Mountains, Land by the River); Austria adopted a new national anthem after World War II to replace the former imperial anthem composed by Franz Josef HAYDN, which had been appropriated by Germany in 1922 and was thereafter associated with the Nazi regime; a gendered version of the lyrics was adopted by the Austrian Federal Assembly in fall 2011 and became effective 1 January 2012

National holiday

National Day, 26 October (1955); note - commemorates the passage of the law on permanent neutrality

National symbol(s)

golden eagle, edelweiss, Alpine gentian; national colors: red, white

Political parties and leaders

Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Reinhold MITTERLEHNER] | Communist Party of Austria or KPOe [Mirko MESSNER] | Freedom Party of Austria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE] | The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG] | NEOS - The New Austria [Matthias STROLZ] | Social Democratic Party of Austria or SPOe [Christian KERN] | "Team Stronach" [Frank STRONACH]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Austrian Trade Union Federation or OeGB (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic) | Federal Agriculture Chamber (OeVP-dominated) | Federal Economic Chamber (OeVP-dominated) | Labor Chamber or AK (Social Democratic-leaning think tank) | OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists or IV | Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action | other: three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, farmers, and other nongovernment organizations in the areas of environment and human rights

Suffrage

16 years of age; universal

Background

Once the center of power for the large Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic after its defeat in World War I. Following annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allies in 1945, Austria's status remained unclear for a decade. A State Treaty signed in 1955 ended the occupation, recognized Austria's independence, and forbade unification with Germany. A constitutional law that same year declared the country's "perpetual neutrality" as a condition for Soviet military withdrawal. The Soviet Union's collapse in 1991 and Austria's entry into the EU in 1995 have altered the meaning of this neutrality. A prosperous, democratic country, Austria entered the EU Economic and Monetary Union in 1999.

Military branches

Land Forces (KdoLdSK), Air Forces (KdoLuSK)

Military expenditures

0.55% of GDP (2015 est.) | 0.62% of GDP (2014) | 0.63% of GDP (2013) | 0.68% of GDP (2012) | 0.7% of GDP (2011) | country comparison to the world: 115

Military service age and obligation

registration requirement at age 17, the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service (6 months), or optionally, alternative civil/community service (9 months); males 18 to 50 years old in the militia or inactive reserve are subject to compulsory service; in a January 2012 referendum, a majority of Austrians voted in favor of retaining the system of compulsory military service (with the option of alternative/non-military service) instead of switching to a professional army system (2015)

Age structure

0-14 years: 14.02% (male 625,391/female 596,310) | 15-24 years: 11.33% (male 503,333/female 483,748) | 25-54 years: 42.71% (male 1,859,985/female 1,860,641) | 55-64 years: 12.85% (male 554,191/female 565,189) | 65 years and over: 19.09% (male 719,012/female 943,970) (2016 est.)

Birth rate

9.5 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 204

Contraceptive prevalence rate

69.6% | note: percent of women aged 18-46 (2008/09)

Death rate

9.5 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 56

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 49.2% | youth dependency ratio: 21.2% | elderly dependency ratio: 28% | potential support ratio: 3.6% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 100% of population | rural: 100% of population | total: 100% of population | urban: 0% of population | rural: 0% of population | total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

Education expenditures

5.6% of GDP (2013) | country comparison to the world: 44

Ethnic groups

Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, Germans 0.9%, other or unspecified 2.4% (2001 census)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

NA

HIV/AIDS - deaths

NA

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

NA

Health expenditures

11.2% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 11

Hospital bed density

7.6 beds/1,000 population (2011)

Infant mortality rate

total: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 3.8 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 209

Languages

German (official nationwide) 88.6%, Turkish 2.3%, Serbian 2.2%, Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6%, other (includes Slovene, official in South Carinthia, and Hungarian, official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 81.5 years | male: 78.9 years | female: 84.3 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 23

Major urban areas - population

VIENNA (capital) 1.753 million (2015)

Maternal mortality rate

4 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 178

Median age

total: 43.8 years | male: 42.7 years | female: 44.9 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 12

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.5 (2011 est.)

Nationality

noun: Austrian(s) | adjective: Austrian

Net migration rate

5.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 24

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

20.1% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 93

Physicians density

4.83 physicians/1,000 population (2011)

Population

8,711,770 (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 95

Population distribution

the northern and eastern portions of the country are more densely populated; nearly two-thirds of the populace lives in urban areas

Population growth rate

0.51% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 160

Religions

Catholic 73.8% (includes Roman Catholic 73.6%, other Catholic 0.2%), Protestant 4.9%, Muslim 4.2%, Orthodox 2.2%, other 0.8% (includes other Christian), none 12%, unspecified 2% (2001 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 100% of population | rural: 100% of population | total: 100% of population | urban: 0% of population | rural: 0% of population | total: 0% of population (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years | male: 16 years | female: 16 years (2014)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female | total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.47 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 202

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24

total: 10.3% | male: 10.6% | female: 9.9% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 108

Urbanization

urban population: 66% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

none

Illicit drugs

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; increasing consumption of European-produced synthetic drugs

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 17,458 (Afghanistan); 15,526 (Russia); 14,894 (Syria) (2015) | stateless persons: 828 (2015)

Airports

52 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 90

Airports - with paved runways

total: 24 | over 3,047 m: 1 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 | 914 to 1,523 m: 4 | under 914 m: 13 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 28 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 | 914 to 1,523 m: 3 | under 914 m: 24 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

OE (2016)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Merchant marine

registered in other countries: 3 (Cyprus 1, Kazakhstan 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 134

National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 11 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 130 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 14,718,641 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 351.379 million mt-km (2015)

Pipelines

gas 4,736 km; oil 663 km; refined products 157 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

river port(s): Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna (Danube)

Railways

total: 5,267.7 km | standard gauge: 5,267.7 km 1.435-m gauge (3,556.4 km electrified) (2014) | country comparison to the world: 35

Roadways

total: 133,597 km | paved: 133,597 km (includes 2,207 km of expressways) (2016) | country comparison to the world: 39

Waterways

358 km (2011) | country comparison to the world: 89