Angola

Broadcast media

state controls all broadcast media with nationwide reach; state-owned Televisao Popular de Angola (TPA) provides terrestrial TV service on 2 channels; a third TPA channel is available via cable and satellite; TV subscription services are available; state-owned Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) broadcasts on 5 stations; about a half-dozen private radio stations broadcast locally (2008)

Internet country code

.ao

Internet users

total: 2.434 million | percent of population: 12.4% (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 81

Telephone system

general assessment: limited system; state-owned telecom had monopoly for fixed lines until 2005; demand outstripped capacity, prices were high, and services poor; Telecom Namibia, through an Angolan company, became the first private licensed operator in Angola's fixed-line telephone network; by 2010, the number of fixed-line providers had expanded to 5; Angola Telecom established mobile-cellular service in Luanda in 1993 and the network has been extended to larger towns; a privately owned, mobile-cellular service provider began operations in 2001 | domestic: only about one fixed line per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity about 71 telephones per 100 persons in 2015 | international: country code - 244; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 29 (2015)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 284,925 | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117

Telephones - mobile cellular

total: 13.885 million | subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 71 (July 2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 69

Agriculture - products

bananas, sugarcane, coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, cassava (manioc, tapioca), tobacco, vegetables, plantains; livestock; forest products; fish

Budget

revenues: $33.19 billion | expenditures: $38.53 billion (2015 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)

-5.2% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 166

Central bank discount rate

9% (31 December 2014) | 25% (31 December 2010) | country comparison to the world: 35

Commercial bank prime lending rate

16.88% (31 December 2015 est.) | 16.38% (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 27

Current account balance

-$8.748 billion (2015 est.) | -$3.722 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 176

Debt - external

$33.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $28.45 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 73

Economy - overview

Angola's economy is overwhelmingly driven by its oil sector. Oil production and its supporting activities contribute about 50% of GDP, more than 70% of government revenue, and more than 90% of the country's exports. Diamonds contribute an additional 5% to exports. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for most of the people, but half of the country's food is still imported. Increased oil production supported growth averaging more than 17% per year from 2004 to 2008. A postwar reconstruction boom and resettlement of displaced persons has led to high rates of growth in construction and agriculture as well. Some of the country's infrastructure is still damaged or undeveloped from the 27-year-long civil war. However, the government since 2005 has used billions of dollars in credit lines from China, Brazil, Portugal, Germany, Spain, and the EU to help rebuild Angola's public infrastructure. Land mines left from the war still mar the countryside, and as a result, the national military, international partners, and private Angolan firms all continue to remove them. The global recession that started in 2008 stalled economic growth. In particular, lower prices for oil and diamonds during the global recession slowed GDP growth to 2.4% in 2009, and many construction projects stopped because Luanda accrued $9 billion in arrears to foreign construction companies when government revenue fell in 2008 and 2009. Angola formally abandoned its currency peg in 2009, and in November 2009 signed onto an IMF Stand-By Arrangement loan of $1.4 billion to rebuild international reserves. Consumer inflation declined from 325% in 2000 to less than 9% in 2014. Falling oil prices and slower than expected growth in non-oil GDP have reduced growth prospects for 2015. Angola has responded by reducing government subsidies and by proposing import quotas and a more restrictive licensing regime. Corruption, especially in the extractive sectors, is a major long-term challenge.

Exchange rates

kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - | 120.061 (2015 est.) | 98.303 (2014 est.) | 98.303 (2013 est.) | 95.47 (2012 est.) | 93.741 (2011 est.)

Exports

$35.55 billion (2015 est.) | $59.17 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57

Exports - commodities

crude oil, diamonds, refined petroleum products, coffee, sisal, fish and fish products, timber, cotton

Exports - partners

China 43.8%, India 9.6%, US 7.7%, Spain 6.2%, South Africa 4.8%, France 4.4% (2015)

Fiscal year

calendar year

GDP (official exchange rate)

$103 billion (2015 est.)

GDP (purchasing power parity)

$184.4 billion (2015 est.) | $179.1 billion (2014 est.) | $170.9 billion (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 65

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 71.5% | government consumption: 17.9% | investment in fixed capital: 10.3% | investment in inventories: 0.8% | exports of goods and services: 37.3% | imports of goods and services: -37.8% (2015 est.)

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 10.2% | industry: 61.4% | services: 28.4% (2011 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP)

$7,300 (2015 est.) | $7,300 (2014 est.) | $7,200 (2013 est.) | note: data are in 2015 US dollars | country comparison to the world: 155

GDP - real growth rate

3% (2015 est.) | 4.8% (2014 est.) | 6.8% (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100

Gross national saving

2% of GDP (2015 est.) | 12.4% of GDP (2014 est.) | 21.4% of GDP (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 175

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 0.6% | highest 10%: 44.7% (2000)

Imports

$21.15 billion (2015 est.) | $28.59 billion (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71

Imports - commodities

machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles, military goods

Imports - partners

China 22.1%, Portugal 13.8%, South Korea 11%, US 6.9%, South Africa 5%, UK 4.1%, France 4% (2015)

Industrial production growth rate

1.9% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 116

Industries

petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

10.3% (2015 est.) | 7.3% (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 211

Labor force

10.51 million (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 52

Labor force - by occupation

agriculture: 85% | industry and services: 15% (2003 est.)

Population below poverty line

40.5% (2006 est.)

Public debt

57.3% of GDP (2015 est.) | 34.2% of GDP (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 67

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$24.08 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $28.13 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 54

Stock of broad money

$51.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | $45.06 billion (31 December 2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 68

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad

$22.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $21.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 53

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home

$13.01 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $10.57 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 88

Stock of domestic credit

$17.18 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $23.12 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 91

Stock of narrow money

$25.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.) | $30.11 billion (31 December 2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 63

Taxes and other revenues

32.2% of GDP (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 76

Unemployment rate

NA%

Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy

33 million Mt (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 75

Crude oil - exports

1.745 million bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 8

Crude oil - imports

0 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156

Crude oil - production

1.842 million bbl/day (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 14

Crude oil - proved reserves

8.4 billion bbl (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 18

Electricity - consumption

8.1 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117

Electricity - exports

0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 100

Electricity - from fossil fuels

50.3% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 148

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants

49.7% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 49

Electricity - from nuclear fuels

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 42

Electricity - from other renewable sources

0% of total installed capacity (2012 est.) | country comparison to the world: 153

Electricity - imports

0 kWh (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 116

Electricity - installed generating capacity

1.7 million kW (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117

Electricity - production

9.2 billion kWh (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 117

Electricity access

population without electricity: 15,000,000 | electrification - total population: 30% | electrification - urban areas: 46% | electrification - rural areas: 18% (2013)

Natural gas - consumption

231 million cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 98

Natural gas - exports

500 million cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 57

Natural gas - imports

0 cu m (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 156

Natural gas - production

731 million cu m (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 67

Natural gas - proved reserves

308 billion cu m (1 January 2016 es) | country comparison to the world: 41

Refined petroleum products - consumption

132,000 bbl/day (2014 est.) | country comparison to the world: 74

Refined petroleum products - exports

33,600 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 71

Refined petroleum products - imports

97,760 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 59

Refined petroleum products - production

46,050 bbl/day (2013 est.) | country comparison to the world: 84

Area

total: 1,246,700 sq km | land: 1,246,700 sq km | water: 0 sq km | country comparison to the world: 23

Area - comparative

slightly less than twice the size of Texas

Climate

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

Coastline

1,600 km

Elevation

mean elevation: 1,112 m | elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m | highest point: Moca 2,620 m

Environment - current issues

overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water

Environment - international agreements

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution | signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geographic coordinates

12 30 S, 18 30 E

Geography - note

the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Irrigated land

860 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total: 5,369 km | border countries (4): Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province), Republic of the Congo 231 km, Namibia 1,427 km, Zambia 1,065 km

Land use

agricultural land: 47.3% | arable land 3.8%; permanent crops 0.2%; permanent pasture 43.3% | forest: 46.8% | other: 5.9% (2011 est.)

Location

Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

Map references

Africa

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm | contiguous zone: 24 nm | exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards

locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

Natural resources

petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium

Terrain

narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

Administrative divisions

18 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Kwando Kubango, Kwanza Norte, Kwanza Sul, Luanda, Lunda Norte, Lunda Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Namibe, Uige, Zaire

Capital

name: Luanda | geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 13 E | time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no | citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola | dual citizenship recognized: no | residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Constitution

previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010 (2016)

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Angola | conventional short form: Angola | local long form: Republica de Angola | local short form: Angola | former: People's Republic of Angola | etymology: name derived by the Portuguese from the title "ngola" held by kings of the Ndongo (Ndongo was a kingdom in what is now northern Angola)

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Helen Meagher LA LIME (15 May 2014) | embassy: number 32 Rua Houari Boumedienne (in the Miramar area of Luanda), Luanda | mailing address: international mail: Caixa Postal 6468, Luanda; pouch: US Embassy Luanda, US Department of State, 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550 | telephone: [244] 946440977 | FAX: [244] (222) 64-1000

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Agostinho Tavares da Silva NETO (since 18 November 2014) | chancery: 2100-2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 | telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156 | FAX: [1] (202) 822-9049 | consulate(s) general: Houston, New York

Executive branch

chief of state: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government | head of government: President Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS (since 21 September 1979); Vice President Manuel Domingos VICENTE (since 26 September 2012) | cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president | elections/appointments: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term); note - according to the 2010 constitution, ballots are cast for parties rather than candidates, and the leader of the winning party becomes president | election results: NA; as leader of the MPLA, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS elected president following legislative elections on 31 August 2012, inaugurated on 26 September 2012 to serve the first of a possible two terms under the 2010 constitution

Flag description

two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle); red represents liberty, black the African continent, the symbols characterize workers and peasants

Government type

presidential republic

Independence

11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

International organization participation

ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OPEC, SADC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges) | judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president upon recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms | subordinate courts: provincial and municipal courts

Legal system

civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation

Legislative branch

description: unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (220 seats; members directly elected in a single national constituency and in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms) | elections: last held on 31 August 2012 (next to be held in 2017) | election results: percent of vote by party - MPLA 71.8%, UNITA 18.7%, CASA-CE 6.0%, PRS 1.7%, FNLA 1.1%, other 0.7%; seats by party - MPLA 175, UNITA 32, CASA-CE 8, PRS 3, FNLA 2

National anthem

name: "Angola Avante" (Forward Angola) | lyrics/music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO | note: adopted 1975

National holiday

Independence Day, 11 November (1975)

National symbol(s)

Palanca Negra Gigante (giant black sable antelope); national colors: red, black, yellow

Political parties and leaders

Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE [Abel CHIVUKUVUKU] | National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - there are two factions of the party; one is led by Lucas NGONDA; the other is led by Ngola KABANGU | National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party) | Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (ruling party in power since 1975) | Social Renewal Party or PRS [Eduardo KUANGANA]

Political pressure groups and leaders

Angolan Revolutionary Movement or ARM | Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO] | note: FLEC's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the FLEC-PM [Rodrigues MINGAS], which was responsible for a deadly attack on the Togolese soccer team in 2010

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

Angola is still rebuilding its country since the end of a 27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but fighting picked up again in 1993. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people displaced - during the more than a quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. President DOS SANTOS pushed through a new constitution in 2010 and elections held in 2012 saw him installed as president. Angola assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2015-16 term.

Military branches

Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA; under operational control of the Army) (2012)

Military expenditures

3.63% of GDP (2012) | 3.5% of GDP (2011) | 3.63% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 13

Military service age and obligation

20-45 years of age for compulsory male and 18-45 years for voluntary male military service (registration at age 18 is mandatory); 20-45 years of age for voluntary female service; 2-year conscript service obligation; Angolan citizenship required; the Navy (MGA) is entirely staffed with volunteers (2013)

Age structure

0-14 years: 42.72% (male 4,394,206/female 4,223,246) | 15-24 years: 20.72% (male 2,127,140/female 2,053,363) | 25-54 years: 29.6% (male 3,013,561/female 2,956,547) | 55-64 years: 3.97% (male 388,314/female 413,347) | 65 years and over: 2.99% (male 278,853/female 323,755) (2016 est.)

Birth rate

38.6 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 9

Child labor - children ages 5-14

total number: 832,895 | percentage: 24% (2001 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

15.6% (2007) | country comparison to the world: 45

Contraceptive prevalence rate

17.7% (2008/09)

Death rate

11.3 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 30

Demographic profile

More than a decade after the end of Angola’s 27-year civil war, the country still faces a variety of socioeconomic problems, including poverty, high maternal and child mortality, and illiteracy. Despite the country’s rapid post-war economic growth based on oil production, more than 40 percent of Angolans live below the poverty line and unemployment is widespread, especially among the large young-adult population. Only about 70% of the population is literate, and the rate drops to around 60% for women. The youthful population – about 45% are under the age of 15 – is expected to continue growing rapidly with a fertility rate of more 5 children per woman and a low rate of contraceptive use. Fewer than half of women deliver their babies with the assistance of trained health care personnel, which contributes to Angola’s high maternal mortality rate. | Of the estimated 550,000 Angolans who fled their homeland during its civil war, most have returned home since 2002. In 2012, the UN assessed that conditions in Angola had been stable for several years and invoked a cessation of refugee status for Angolans. Following the cessation clause, some of those still in exile returned home voluntarily through UN repatriation programs, and others integrated into host countries. As of August 2014, about 73,000 Angolans were still living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Namibia, the Republic of the Congo, and other countries.

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 99.9% | youth dependency ratio: 95.2% | elderly dependency ratio: 4.6% | potential support ratio: 21.6% (2015 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 75.4% of population | rural: 28.2% of population | total: 49% of population | urban: 24.6% of population | rural: 71.8% of population | total: 51% of population (2015 est.)

Education expenditures

3.4% of GDP (2010) | country comparison to the world: 127

Ethnic groups

Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate

2.17% (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 25

HIV/AIDS - deaths

11,900 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 20

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS

315,400 (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 21

Health expenditures

3.3% of GDP (2014) | country comparison to the world: 172

Infant mortality rate

total: 76.5 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 80.1 deaths/1,000 live births | female: 72.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 8

Languages

Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% | note: most widely spoken languages; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 56 years | male: 54.8 years | female: 57.2 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 208

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write | total population: 71.1% | male: 82% | female: 60.7% (2015 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: very high | food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever | vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, malaria | water contact disease: schistosomiasis | animal contact disease: rabies (2016)

Major urban areas - population

LUANDA (capital) 5.506 million; Huambo 1.269 million (2015)

Maternal mortality rate

477 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) | country comparison to the world: 25

Median age

total: 18.2 years | male: 18 years | female: 18.3 years (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 213

Mother's mean age at first birth

19.4 | note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2011 est.)

Nationality

noun: Angolan(s) | adjective: Angolan

Net migration rate

-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 105

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

8.5% (2014) | country comparison to the world: 147

Physicians density

0.17 physicians/1,000 population (2009)

Population

20,172,332 | note: results from Angola's 2014 national census estimate the country's population to be 25.8 million (July 2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 59

Population growth rate

2.72% (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 14

Religions

Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 88.6% of population | rural: 22.5% of population | total: 51.6% of population | urban: 11.4% of population | rural: 77.5% of population | total: 48.4% of population (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 10 years | male: 13 years | female: 8 years (2011)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female | 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female | 15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female | 25-54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female | 55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female | 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female | total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Total fertility rate

5.31 children born/woman (2016 est.) | country comparison to the world: 9

Urbanization

urban population: 44% of total population (2015) | rate of urbanization: 4.97% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Disputes - international

Democratic Republic of Congo accuses Angola of shifting monuments

Illicit drugs

used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states, particularly South Africa

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees (country of origin): 12,944 (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2015)

Airports

176 (2013) | country comparison to the world: 32

Airports - with paved runways

total: 31 | over 3,047 m: 7 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 | 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 145 | over 3,047 m: 2 | 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 | 1,524 to 2,437 m: 31 | 914 to 1,523 m: 66 | under 914 m: 43 (2013)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

D2 (2016)

Heliports

1 (2013)

Merchant marine

total: 7 | by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 | foreign-owned: 1 (Spain 1) | registered in other countries: 17 (Bahamas 6, Curacao 2, Cyprus 1, Liberia 1, Malta 7) (2010) | country comparison to the world: 123

National air transport system

number of registered air carriers: 10 | inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 55 | annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,244,491 | annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 46.043 million mt-km (2015)

Pipelines

gas 352 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; oil 1,065 km; oil/gas/water 5 km (2013)

Ports and terminals

major seaport(s): Cabinda, Lobito, Luanda, Namibe | LNG terminal(s) (export): Angola Soyo

Railways

total: 2,852 km | narrow gauge: 2,729 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2014) | country comparison to the world: 60

Roadways

total: 51,429 km | paved: 5,349 km | unpaved: 46,080 km (2001) | country comparison to the world: 75

Waterways

1,300 km (2011) | country comparison to the world: 54