Georgia

Broadband - fixed subscriptions

total: 1.1 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 29 (2023 est.)

Broadcast media

state-owned Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB) includes Channel 1, Channel 2, and Adjara TV; independent commercial TV broadcasters include Imedi, Rustavi 2, Pirveli TV, Maestro, Kavkasia, Georgian Dream Studios (GDS), Obiektivi, Mtavari Arkhi, and TOK TV (Russian language); Tabula and Post TV are web-based TV outlets; Georgian Orthodox Church operates a satellite-based television station called Unanimity; 26 regional TV broadcasters; TV shifted to digital in 2015; several dozen private radio stations; GPB operates 2 radio stations (2019)

Internet country code

.ge

Internet users

percent of population: 82% (2023 est.)

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 278,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2023 est.)

Telephones - mobile cellular

total subscriptions: 5.91 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 156 (2022 est.)

Agricultural products

milk, grapes, potatoes, maize, wheat, tangerines/mandarins, tomatoes, barley, apples, eggs (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Average household expenditures

on food: 39% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 3.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Budget

revenues: $8.686 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $9.307 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Current account balance

-$1.491 billion (2024 est.) -$1.709 billion (2023 est.) -$1.105 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Debt - external

$9.085 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Economic overview

upper-middle income, fast-growing South Caucasus economy; regionally focused exporter of cars, metal ores, and energy; financial and migrant inflows resulting from Ukraine conflict; EU accession talks suspended over disputed election and foreign influence law; low inflation but persistent high unemployment

Exchange rates

laris (GEL) per US dollar - 2.721 (2024 est.) 2.628 (2023 est.) 2.916 (2022 est.) 3.222 (2021 est.) 3.109 (2020 est.)

Exports

$16.321 billion (2024 est.) $15.173 billion (2023 est.) $13.24 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Exports - commodities

cars, copper ore, electricity, garments, wine (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Exports - partners

Azerbaijan 13%, Turkey 11%, Armenia 11%, Russia 10%, Kyrgyzstan 8% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

GDP (official exchange rate)

$33.776 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 71.3% (2024 est.) government consumption: 13.4% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 22% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0.8% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 48.4% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -56% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 5.4% (2024 est.) industry: 19.1% (2024 est.) services: 62.8% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

34.8 (2023 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.7% (2023 est.) highest 10%: 26.9% (2023 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Imports

$18.915 billion (2024 est.) $17.816 billion (2023 est.) $15.665 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Imports - commodities

cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, natural gas, garments (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Imports - partners

Turkey 16%, USA 13%, Russia 11%, China 8%, Germany 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Industrial production growth rate

5.4% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.1% (2024 est.) 2.5% (2023 est.) 11.9% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Labor force

1.833 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Population below poverty line

11.8% (2023 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Public debt

43.4% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

$91.849 billion (2024 est.) $83.935 billion (2023 est.) $77.838 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Real GDP growth rate

9.4% (2024 est.) 7.8% (2023 est.) 11% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency

Real GDP per capita

$25,000 (2024 est.) $22,600 (2023 est.) $21,000 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars

Remittances

11.8% of GDP (2024 est.) 13.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 15.4% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$4.447 billion (2024 est.) $5.002 billion (2023 est.) $4.886 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

23.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Unemployment rate

11.5% (2024 est.) 11.6% (2023 est.) 11.7% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 29.9% (2024 est.) male: 28.4% (2024 est.) female: 32.4% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Coal

production: 148,000 metric tons (2023 est.) consumption: 384,000 metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 80 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 223,000 metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 900.999 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 4.526 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 12.569 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 4.913 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 4.234 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 1.148 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Electricity access

electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 23.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 75.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Energy consumption per capita

56.076 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Natural gas

production: 10.77 million cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 2.775 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 2.764 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 8.495 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)

Petroleum

total petroleum production: 300 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 34,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 35 million barrels (2021 est.)

Carbon dioxide emissions

10.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 812,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 4.469 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 5.419 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Climate

warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast

Environmental issues

air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy water pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals; land and forest degradation; biodiversity loss; waste management

International environmental agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Land use

agricultural land: 34.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 27.9% (2023 est.) forest: 44.6% (2023 est.) other: 21.2% (2023 est.)

Particulate matter emissions

18.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Total renewable water resources

63.33 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Total water withdrawal

municipal: 504.96 million cubic meters (2022) industrial: 354.46 million cubic meters (2022) agricultural: 433.96 million cubic meters (2022)

Urbanization

urban population: 60.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 800,000 tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 19.6% (2022 est.)

Area

total : 69,700 sq km land: 69,700 sq km water: 0 sq km note: approximately 12,560 sq km, or about 18% of Georgia's area, is Russian-occupied; the seized area includes all of Abkhazia and the breakaway region of South Ossetia, which consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region, Racha-Lechkhumi, Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti

Area - comparative

slightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia

Climate

warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast

Coastline

310 km

Elevation

highest point: Mt'a Shkhara 5,193 m lowest point: Black Sea 0 m mean elevation: 1,432 m

Geographic coordinates

42 00 N, 43 30 E

Geography - note

note 1: strategically located east of the Black Sea, Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them note 2: the world's four deepest caves are all in Georgia, including two that are the only known caves on earth deeper than 2,000 m: Krubera Cave at -2,197 m (-7,208 ft; reached in 2012) and Veryovkina Cave at -2,212 (-7,257 ft; reached in 2018)

Irrigated land

4,330 sq km (2012)

Land boundaries

total: 1,814 km border countries (4): Armenia 219 km; Azerbaijan 428 km; Russia 894 km; Turkey 273 km

Land use

agricultural land: 34.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 27.9% (2023 est.) forest: 44.6% (2023 est.) other: 21.2% (2023 est.)

Location

Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both

Map references

Asia

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Natural hazards

earthquakes

Natural resources

timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth

Population distribution

settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest

Terrain

largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; fertile soils in river valley flood plains and foothills of Kolkhida Lowland

Administrative divisions

9 regions ( mkharebi , singular - mkhare ), 1 city ( kalaki ), and 2 autonomous republics ( avtomnoy respubliki , singular - avtom respublika ) regions: Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli; note - the breakaway region of South Ossetia consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti city: Tbilisi autonomous republics: Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi) note 1: the administrative centers of the two autonomous republics are shown in parentheses note 2: the United States recognizes the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as part of Georgia

Capital

name: Tbilisi geographic coordinates: 41 41 N, 44 50 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name comes from the Georgian word tbili , meaning "warm" and referring to the hot sulfur springs in the area

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Georgia dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Constitution

history: previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995 amendment process: proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia

Country name

conventional long form: none conventional short form: Georgia local long form: Republic of Georgia local short form: Sak'art'velo former: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic etymology: the Western name probably derives from the name of the local people, the Gurz, whose name origin is uncertain; the native name "Sak'art'velo" means "Land of the Kartvelians" and refers to the core central Georgian region of Kartli

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charg d Affaires Alan S. PURCELL (since 16 July 2025) embassy: 29 Georgian-American Friendship Avenue, Didi Dighomi, Tbilisi, 0131 mailing address: 7060 Tbilisi Place, Washington, DC 20521-7060 telephone: [995] (32) 227-70-00 FAX: [995] (32) 253-23-10 email address and website: askconsultbilisi@state.gov https://ge.usembassy.gov/

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Tamar TALIASHVILI (since 24 July 2025) chancery: 1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 387-2390 FAX: [1] (202) 387-0864 email address and website: embgeo.usa@mfa.gov.ge https://georgiaembassyusa.org/contact/ consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco

Executive branch

chief of state: President Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (since 29 December 2024) head of government: Prime Minister Irakli KOBAKHIDZE (since 8 February 2024) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers election/appointment process: president elected by a 300-member College of Electors; prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president most recent election date: 14 December 2024 election results: 2024: Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (Georgian Dream Party) was formally inaugurated on 29 December 2024 2024: Irakli KOBAKHIDZE approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 84-10 2018: Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2 expected date of next election: 2029

Flag

description: white rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag; each of the four quadrants displays a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross (also known as Bolnisi cross), which has equal-length arms that are slightly wider at the end than in the center history: sometimes referred to as the Five-Cross Flag, the design is based on a 14th-century banner of the Kingdom of Georgia

Government type

semi-presidential republic

Independence

9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CPLP (associate), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-11, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the High Council of Justice (a 14-member body consisting of the Supreme Court chairperson, common court judges, and appointees of the president of Georgia) and appointed by Parliament; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed 3 each by the president, by Parliament, and by the Supreme Court judges; judges appointed for 10-year terms subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts note: the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts

Legal system

civil law system

Legislative branch

legislature name: Parliament (Sakartvelos Parlamenti) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 150 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 10/26/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Georgian Dream (89); Coalition for Changes (19); Unity - National Movement (16); Strong Georgia – Lelo, For people, For Liberty! (14); For Georgia (12) percentage of women in chamber: 16.8% expected date of next election: October 2028

National anthem(s)

title: "Tavisupleba" (Liberty) lyrics/music: Davit MAGRADSE/Zakaria PALIASHVILI (adapted by Joseb KETSCHAKMADSE) history: adopted 2004, after the Rose Revolution; based on music from the operas "Abesalom da Eteri" and "Daisi"

National color(s)

red, white

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 4 (3 cultural, 1 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Gelati Monastery (c); Historical Monuments of Mtskheta (c); Upper Svaneti (c); Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (n)

National holiday

Independence Day, 26 May (1918) note: 26 May 1918 was the date of independence from Soviet Russia; 9 April 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union

National symbol(s)

Saint George, lion

Political parties

Ahali Citizens Conservative Party Droa European Georgia - Movement for Liberty For Georgia For the People Freedom Square Georgian Dream Girchi - More Freedom Law and Justice Lelo for Georgia National Democratic Party People's Power Progress and Freedom Republican Party State for the People Strategy Aghmashenebeli United National Movement or UNM

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Background

The region of present-day Georgia once contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis (known as Egrisi locally) and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Persian, Arab, and Turk domination was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short when the Mongols invaded in 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. In 2003, mounting public discontent over rampant corruption, ineffective government services, and a government attempt to manipulate parliamentary elections touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, who had been president since 1995. In the aftermath of this "Rose Revolution," new elections in 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI and his United National Movement (UNM) party into power. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and governance, but he faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was further complicated when Russian support for the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia led to a five-day conflict between Russia and Georgia in August 2008, which included Russia invading large portions of Georgian territory. Russia initially pledged to pull back from most Georgian territory but then unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces have remained in those regions. Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and left the country after his presidential term ended in 2013. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the years since, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. In 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse-of-office convictions. Popular support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals, and Georgia applied for EU membership in 2022, becoming a candidate country in December 2023. Georgia and the EU have a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, and since 2017, Georgian citizens have been able to travel to the Schengen area without a visa.

Military - note

the Defense Forces of Georgia (DFG) are responsible for protecting the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country; the DFG also provides units for multinational military operations abroad and supports the Border Police in border protection and civil authorities in counter-terrorist operations, if requested; it is focused primarily on Russia, which maintains military bases and troops in occupied Abkhazia and South Ossetia; a five-day conflict with Russian forces in 2008 resulted in the defeat and expulsion of Georgian forces from the breakaway regions Georgia is not a member of NATO but has had a relationship with the Alliance since 1992 and declared its aspiration to join in 2002; the military is working to make itself more compatible with NATO and has participated in multinational exercises and security operations abroad with NATO, such as Afghanistan, where it was one of the top non-NATO contributors, and Kosovo; the DFG has also contributed troops to EU and UN missions (2025)

Military and security forces

Georgian Defense Forces (GDF; aka Defense Forces of Georgia, DFG): Ground Forces, Air Force, Special Operations Forces, National Guard Ministry of Internal Affairs: Police, Border Police of Georgia, Coast Guard of Georgia (includes naval forces, which were merged with the Coast Guard in 2009) (2025)

Military and security service personnel strengths

the Georgia Defense Forces are authorized up to 37,000 personnel (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the majority of the military's inventory consists of Soviet-era weapons and equipment, some of which has been upgraded; it has smaller quantities of mostly secondhand material from such countries as Israel, Poland, T rkiye, and the US, as well as some domestically produced equipment; Georgia has a small defense industry which produces such items as small arms and light armored vehicles (2025)

Military expenditures

1.7% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)

Military service age and obligation

18-35 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription was abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017 for men 18-27 years of age; conscript service obligation is up to 11 months depending on the assigned ministry, job specialty, and if the service is carried out in a combat unit (2025) note: conscripts serve in the Defense Forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, or the Ministry of Corrections

Age structure

0-14 years: 20.6% (male 520,091/female 489,882) 15-64 years: 62.7% (male 1,500,036/female 1,572,637) 65 years and over: 16.7% (2024 est.) (male 322,941/female 495,374)

Alcohol consumption per capita

total: 7.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 1.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 3.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 2.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Birth rate

11.74 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Child marriage

women married by age 15: 0.3% (2018) women married by age 18: 13.9% (2018) men married by age 18: 0.5% (2018)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

2.1% (2018 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

65.3% (2018 est.)

Death rate

12.89 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 59.5 (2024 est.) youth dependency ratio: 32.9 (2024 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 26.6 (2024 est.) potential support ratio: 3.8 (2024 est.)

Drinking water source

urban: 99.2% of population (2022 est.) rural: 88.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 95% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.8% of population (2022 est.) rural: 11.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 5% of population (2022 est.)

Education expenditure

4% of GDP (2024 est.) 12.2% national budget (2024 est.)

Ethnic groups

Georgian 86.8%, Azeri 6.3%, Armenian 4.5%, other 2.3% (includes Russian, Ossetian, Yazidi, Ukrainian, Kist, Greek) (2014 est.)

Gross reproduction rate

0.94 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

7.4% of GDP (2022) 10.5% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

4.9 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 20.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 23.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (including Abkhaz, the official language in Abkhazia) (2014 est.) major-language sample(s): მსოფლიო ფაქტების წიგნი, ძირითადი ინფორმაციის აუცილებელი წყარო. (Georgian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 72.8 years (2024 est.) male: 68.7 years female: 77.2 years

Literacy

total population: 99.7% (2024 est.) male: 99.8% (2024 est.) female: 99.6% (2024 est.)

Major urban areas - population

1.082 million TBILISI (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

20 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Median age

total: 38.6 years (2025 est.) male: 35.9 years female: 40.6 years

Mother's mean age at first birth

25.9 years (2019 est.) note: data does not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Nationality

noun: Georgian(s) adjective: Georgian

Net migration rate

-3.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

21.7% (2016)

Physician density

5.64 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Population

total: 4,900,961 (2024 est.) male: 2,343,068 female: 2,557,893

Population distribution

settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest

Population growth rate

-0.45% (2025 est.)

Religions

Eastern Orthodox Christian (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic Christian 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Roman Catholic Christian, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi, Protestant Christian, Jewish), none 0.5%, unspecified/no answer 1.2% (2014 est.)

Sanitation facility access

urban: 96.6% of population (2022 est.) rural: 72.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 87.1% of population (2022 est.) urban: 3.4% of population (2022 est.) rural: 27.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 12.9% of population (2022 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 16 years (2023 est.) male: 16 years (2023 est.) female: 17 years (2023 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 28.7% (2025 est.) male: 53.9% (2025 est.) female: 7.5% (2025 est.)

Total fertility rate

1.94 children born/woman (2025 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 60.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees: 31,791 (2024 est.) IDPs: 347,754 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 488 (2024 est.)

Airports

21 (2025)

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

4L

Heliports

4 (2025)

Merchant marine

total: 26 (2023) by type: general cargo 3, other 23

Ports

total ports: 3 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 1 very small: 2 ports with oil terminals: 2 key ports: Batumi, Sokhumi, Supsa Marine Terminal

Railways

total: 1,363 km (2014) narrow gauge: 37 km (2014) 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified) broad gauge: 1,326 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (1,251 km electrified)